棘山蚁属

棘山蚁属（Polyrhachis）又称多刺蚁属，为山蚁亚科下的属，主要分布于旧世界。共 701 个现生物种及 1 个化石物种^[2]。该属还未被完整地整理过，因此包含很多习性迥异的物种，如织叶的双齿多刺蚁（Polyrhachis dives ）、游泳的（Polyrhachis sokolova（英语：Polyrhachis sokolova） ）、土栖的拟梅氏多刺蚁（如Polyrhachis proxima ）、树栖的双色多刺蚁（如Polyrhachis bicolor ）。

棘山蚁属
Polyrhachis gracilior（英语：Polyrhachis gracilior）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蚁科 Formicidae
亚科：	蚁亚科 Formicinae
属：	棘山蚁属 Polyrhachis
模式种
Formica bihamata（瑞典语：Polyrhachis bihamata）
亚属
Aulacomyrma Emery, 1921 Campomyrma Wheeler, W.M., 1911 Chariomyrma Forel, 1915 Cyrtomyrma Forel, 1915 Hagiomyrma Wheeler, W.M., 1911 Hedomyrma Forel, 1915 Hemioptica Roger, 1862 多刺蚁多毛亚属 Hirtomyrma Kohout, 2010 Myrma Billberg, 1820 Myrmatopa Forel, 1915 多刺蚁六刺亚属 Myrmhopla Forel, 1915 多刺蚁三尖叉亚属 Myrmothrinax Forel, 1915 多刺蚁亚属 Polyrhachis Smith, F., 1857
多样性[1]
702 种
异名
Cephalomyrma Karavaiev, 1935 Dolichorhachis Mann, 1919 Evelyna Donisthorpe, 1937 Florencea Donisthorpe, 1937 Irenea Donisthorpe, 1938 Johnia Karavaiev, 1927 Morleyidris Donisthorpe, 1944

形态描述

工蚁体长 5 - 10 毫米。具有复眼，无单眼。触角 12 节。触角着生处紧邻唇基后缘。有些物种中躯生有一个以上的棘，位于前胸背板、中胸背板或前伸腹节上。腹柄节生有棘或齿。第一腹垂节背板发达，从背面观其长度长于其他腹垂节背板总和。腹垂节尖端有开口可用于释放蚁酸，开口周围没有毛^[3]。

生态

棘山蚁筑巢习性多样，地栖、土栖、树栖都有。有些物种会利用幼虫的丝筑巢，这种行为类似织叶蚁属。

棘山蚁没有螫针，但他们有酸孔可以释放蚁酸，攻击时会先用大颚咬住敌人再释放蚁酸。棘山蚁没有后胸侧板腺，它们可能是用蚁酸来抵抗微生物，当无法使用蚁酸时，棘山蚁比较会受到微生物感染^[4]。有些物种行社会性寄生，如Polyrachis lemalidens，Polyrachis lemalidens 栖息于朝鲜半岛、中国和东北亚，于 9 月底至 12 月底婚飞，具体时间依气候而异。婚飞后蚁后会脱掉翅膀并寻找宿主，宿主通常为日本巨山蚁，但在朝鲜半岛主要宿主为 Camponotus atrox（瑞典语：Camponotus atrox） ，韩国的蚂蚁饲养者说 Polyrachis lemalidens 也会接受日本山蚁和 Camponotus quadrinotatus（瑞典语：Camponotus quadrinotatus） 作为宿主。找到宿主后，Polyrachis lemalidens 会攻击小工蚁并“复制”费洛蒙，重复好几次后，Polyrachis lemalidens 会潜入宿主的巢穴并进入蚁后所在的巢腔，它会咬住蚁后的后颈并吸取蚁后的血体液，还有“复制”费洛蒙，最后咬断宿主蚁后的脖子，整个过程需时 2 - 4 天，有时候可持续超过两个礼拜。Polyrachis lemalidens 寄生的过程和其他行社会寄生的物种大同小异。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：^[5]

• Polyrhachis abbreviata
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) abdita
• Polyrhachis abdominalis
• Polyrhachis abnormis Donisthorpe, 1948
• Polyrhachis abrupta Mayr, 1867
• Polyrhachis aciculatus
• Polyrhachis aculeata Mayr, 1879
• Polyrhachis aedipus Forel, 1893
• Polyrhachis aenescens Stitz, 1910
• Polyrhachis aerope Wheeler, 1922
• Polyrhachis affinis
• Polyrhachis agesilas Forel, 1913
• Polyrhachis albertisi Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis alexandri Karavaiev, 1906
• Polyrhachis alexisi Forel, 1916
• Polyrhachis alluaudi Emery, 1892
• Polyrhachis alphea Smith, 1863
• Polyrhachis alphena Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis amana Smith, 1861
• Polyrhachis ammon (Fabricius, 1775)
• Polyrhachis ammonoeides Roger, 1863
• 安德森多刺蚁 Polyrhachis anderseni
• Polyrhachis andrei Emery, 1921
• Polyrhachis andromache Roger, 1863
• Polyrhachis angusta Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis annae Mann, 1919
• Polyrhachis annosus Wappler et al., 2009
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) annulata
• Polyrhachis antennata Viehmeyer, 1912
• Polyrhachis antinorii
• Polyrhachis antoniae Stitz, 1911
• Polyrhachis appendiculata Emery, 1893
• Polyrhachis arachne Emery, 1896
• Polyrhachis arcuata (Le Guillou, 1842)
• Polyrhachis arcuspinosa
• Polyrhachis argenteosignata Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis argenteus Mayr, 1862
• Polyrhachis argentosa Forel, 1902
• 阿玛多刺蚁 Polyrhachis armata (Le Guillou, 1842)
• Polyrhachis arnoldi Forel, 1914
• Polyrhachis asomaningi Bolton, 1973
• Polyrhachis aspasia Forel, 1911
• Polyrhachis (Myrma) atalanta
• Polyrhachis atossa Forel, 1913
• Polyrhachis atropos Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis atrovirens Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis aurea Mayr, 1876
• Polyrhachis aureovestita Donisthorpe, 1937
• Polyrhachis aurichalceus
• Polyrhachis auriformis Donisthorpe, 1943
• Polyrhachis aurita Emery, 1911
• 澳洲多刺蚁 Polyrhachis australis Mayr, 1870
• 巴卡多刺蚁 Polyrhachis bakana Xu, 1998
• Polyrhachis bakeri Viehmeyer, 1916
• Polyrhachis bamaga Kohout, 1990
• Polyrhachis banghaasi Viehmeyer, 1922
• Polyrhachis barretti Clark, 1928
• Polyrhachis basirufa Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis batesi Forel, 1911
• Polyrhachis beauforti Emery, 1911
• Polyrhachis beccarii Mayr, 1872
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) bedeloweryi
• Polyrhachis bedoti Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis bellicosa Smith, 1859
• Polyrhachis (Myrma) bequaerti
• 双色多刺蚁 Polyrhachis bicolor Smith, 1858
• 双钩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis bihamata (Drury, 1773)
• Polyrhachis binghamii Forel, 1893
• Polyrhachis biroi Forel, 1907
• Polyrhachis bispinosus
• Polyrhachis boltoni
• Polyrhachis bouvieri Santschi, 1928
• Polyrhachis braxa Bolton, 1973
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) breviata
• 短胸多刺蚁 Polyrhachis brevicorpa Xu, 2002
• Polyrhachis brevinoda
• Polyrhachis brevipilosa
• Polyrhachis bubala Stitz, 1925
• Polyrhachis bubastes Smith, 1863
• Polyrhachis bugnioni Forel, 1908
• Polyrhachis burmanensis Donisthorpe, 1938
• Polyrhachis busiris
• Polyrhachis caeciliae Forel, 1912
• Polyrhachis cafrorum Forel
• Polyrhachis calabarica For.
• Polyrhachis calliope Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis calypso Forel, 1911
• Polyrhachis campbelli
• Polyrhachis carbonaria Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis carinata (Fabricius, 1804)
• Polyrhachis castaneiventris Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis caulomma Viehmeyer, 1914
• Polyrhachis cedarensis Forel, 1915
• Polyrhachis cephalotes Emery, 1893
• Polyrhachis ceramensis Mayr, 1883
• Polyrhachis chalybea Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis chaonia
• Polyrhachis charaxa Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis chartifex Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis cheesmanae Donisthorpe, 1937
• Polyrhachis cingula Donisthorpe, 1947
• Polyrhachis circumdata Viehmeyer, 1913
• Polyrhachis clarkei Donisthorpe, 1949
• Polyrhachis cleopatra Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis cleophanes Smith, 1861
• Polyrhachis clio Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis clotho Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis clypeatus Mayr
• Polyrhachis coerulescens Emery, 1897
• Polyrhachis compressicornis Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis concava Andre, 1889
• Polyrhachis confusa Wong & Guénard, 2021
• Polyrhachis conops Forel, 1901
• Polyrhachis consimilis Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis constricta Emery, 1897
• Polyrhachis constructor Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis contemta Mayr, 1876
• Polyrhachis continua Emery, 1887
• 凸颊多刺蚁 Polyrhachis convexa Roger, 1863
• Polyrhachis cornata
• 方肩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis cornihumera Xu, 2002
• Polyrhachis cornuta Stitz, 1910
• Polyrhachis coronata Santschi, 1928
• Polyrhachis craddocki Bingham, 1903
• Polyrhachis crassispinosa Viehmeyer, 1914
• Polyrhachis crawleyi Forel, 1916
• Polyrhachis creusa Emery, 1897
• Polyrhachis croceiventris Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis cryptoceroides Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis cubaensis Mayr, 1862
• Polyrhachis cupreata Emery, 1895
• Polyrhachis curta Emery, 1890
• Polyrhachis cuspidatus
• Polyrhachis cyaneus
• 青腹多刺蚁 Polyrhachis cyaniventris Smith, 1858
• 驼背多刺蚁 Polyrhachis cyphonota Xu, 1998
• Polyrhachis cyrtomyrmoides Donisthorpe, 1947
• Polyrhachis cyrus Forel, 1901
• Polyrhachis daemeli Mayr, 1876
• Polyrhachis dahlii Forel, 1901
• Polyrhachis danum
• Polyrhachis daphne Wheeler, 1919
• Polyrhachis davydovi Karavaiev, 1927
• 德比利多刺蚁 Polyrhachis debilis Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis decellei Bolton, 1973
• Polyrhachis decemdentata Andre, 1889
• Polyrhachis decemdentate
• Polyrhachis decipiens Roger, 1863
• Polyrhachis decora
• Polyrhachis defensus
• Polyrhachis delicata Crawley, 1915
• 德曼多刺蚁 Polyrhachis demangei Santschi, 1910
• Polyrhachis democles
• Polyrhachis dentata Donisthorpe, 1947
• Polyrhachis denticulata Karavaiev, 1927
• 齿肩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis dentihumera Xu, 2002
• Polyrhachis derecyna Smith, 1871
• Polyrhachis diana Wheeler, 1909
• Polyrhachis diaphanta Smith, 1861
• Polyrhachis diotima Forel, 1911
• Polyrhachis distincta Karavaiev, 1927
• 双齿多刺蚁（拟黑多刺蚁） Polyrhachis dives Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis doddi Donisthorpe, 1938
• Polyrhachis dohrni Forel, 1901
• Polyrhachis dolichocephala Viehmeyer, 1914
• Polyrhachis dolomedes Smith, 1863
• 背皱多刺蚁 Polyrhachis dorsorugosa Forel, 1913
• Polyrhachis doudou
• Polyrhachis dubia
• Polyrhachis durbanensis Forel, 1914
• Polyrhachis durvillei Donisthorpe, 1938
• Polyrhachis edwardi Donisthorpe, 1948
• Polyrhachis elii Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis emeryana Mann, 1919
• Polyrhachis emmae Santschi, 1920
• Polyrhachis epinotalis Santschi
• Polyrhachis equina Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis erato Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis eremita Kohout, 1990
• Polyrhachis erosispina Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis esarata Bolton, 1973
• Polyrhachis escherichi Viehmeyer, 1914
• Polyrhachis etheli Chapman, 1963
• Polyrhachis eudora Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis euryala Smith, 1863
• Polyrhachis eurynota Emery, 1897
• Polyrhachis eurytus
• Polyrhachis euterpe Forel, 1902
• 直刺多刺蚁 Polyrhachis euthiacaena Zhou et Zheng, 1997
• Polyrhachis exarata Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis exasperatus
• Polyrhachis excellens Viehmeyer, 1912
• Polyrhachis excisa Mayr, 1867
• Polyrhachis excitata Viehmeyer, 1913
• Polyrhachis exercita (Walker, 1859)
• Polyrhachis exotica Kohout, 1987
• Polyrhachis fellowesi Wong & Guénard, 2021
• Polyrhachis femorata Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis fervens Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis fissa Mayr, 1902
• Polyrhachis flavibasis Clark, 1930
• Polyrhachis flavicornis Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis flavoflagellata Karavaiev, 1927
• Polyrhachis follicula Menozzi, 1926
• Polyrhachis foreli Kohout, 1989
• Polyrhachis fornicata Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis fortis Emery, 1893
• Polyrhachis frauenfeldi Mayr, 1862
• Polyrhachis fruhstorferi Emery, 1898
• Polyrhachis fulgens Viehmeyer, 1912
• 叉多刺蚁 Polyrhachis furcata Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis furcula Emery, 1911
• Polyrhachis fuscipes Mayr, 1862
• Polyrhachis gab Forel, 1879
• Polyrhachis gagates Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis gamaii Santschi, 1917
• Polyrhachis geminata Mann, 1919
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) gentilis
• Polyrhachis geometrica Smith, 1859
• Polyrhachis gerstaeckeri Forel
• Polyrhachis gestroi Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis gibba Emery, 1901
• Polyrhachis gibbula
• Polyrhachis glabrinota Clark, 1930
• Polyrhachis glykera Forel, 1912
• Polyrhachis gracilior Forel, 1893
• 大多刺蚁 Polyrhachis grandis Donisthorpe, 1949
• Polyrhachis gravis Clark, 1930
• Polyrhachis greensladei Kohout, 1990
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) gressitti
• Polyrhachis gribodoi Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis guerini Roger, 1863
• 哈氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis halidayi Emery, 1889
• Polyrhachis halmaheirae
• Polyrhachis hastata (Latreille, 1802)
• Polyrhachis hauxwelli Bingham, 1903
• Polyrhachis hector Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis heinlethii Forel, 1895
• Polyrhachis hemiopticoides Mukerjee, 1930
• Polyrhachis hera Forel, 1911
• Polyrhachis hermione Emery, 1895
• Polyrhachis hexacantha (Erichson, 1842)
• 锡兰多刺蚁 Polyrhachis hippomanes Smith, 1861
• Polyrhachis hirsuta Mayr, 1876
• Polyrhachis hirta Viehmeyer, 1914
• Polyrhachis hodgsoni Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis hookeri Lowne, 1865
• Polyrhachis horacei Hung, 1967
• Polyrhachis horni Emery, 1901
• Polyrhachis hostilis Smith, 1859
• Polyrhachis hunggeuk Wong & Guénard, 2021
• Polyrhachis hungi Bolton, 1974
• Polyrhachis ignota Kohout, 1987
• 梅氏刺蚁 Polyrhachis illaudata Walker, 1859
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) impressa
• Polyrhachis inclusa Viehmeyer, 1912
• Polyrhachis inconspicua Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis indificans (Jerdon, 1851)
• Polyrhachis inermis Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis insularis Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis inusitata Kohout, 1989
• Polyrhachis io Forel, 1915
• Polyrhachis isacantha Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis ithona Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis jacksoniana Roger, 1863
• Polyrhachis jacobsoni Forel, 1909
• Polyrhachis jerdonii Forel, 1892
• 江华多刺蚁 Polyrhachis jianghuaensis Wang & Wu, 1991
• Polyrhachis jurii Karavaiev, 1935
• Polyrhachis kaipi Mann, 1919
• Polyrhachis karawaiewi Santschi, 1928
• Polyrhachis keratifera Karavaiev, 1927
• Polyrhachis (Hedomyrma) kershawi
• Polyrhachis khepra Bolton, 1973
• Polyrhachis kohli Forel
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) kokoda
• Polyrhachis labella Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis laboriosa Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis lachesis Forel, 1897
• Polyrhachis laciniata Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis lacteipennis Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis laevigata Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis laevissima Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis lama Kohout, 1994
• 赤胸多刺蚁 Polyrhachis lamellidens Smith, 1874
• Polyrhachis laminata Mayr, 1867
• Polyrhachis lanuginosa Santschi, 1910
• Polyrhachis lata Emery, 1895
• Polyrhachis latharis Bolton, 1973
• Polyrhachis latifrons
• Polyrhachis latinota Viehmeyer, 1912
• Polyrhachis latispina Emery, 1925
• 侧多刺蚁 Polyrhachis latona Wheeler, 1909
• Polyrhachis latreillei (Guérin-Méneville, 1838)
• Polyrhachis lauta Santschi, 1910
• Polyrhachis leae Forel, 1913
• Polyrhachis leonidas Forel, 1901
• Polyrhachis leopoldi Santschi, 1932
• Polyrhachis lepida
• Polyrhachis lestoni Bolton, 1973
• Polyrhachis levior Roger, 1863
• Polyrhachis lilianae Forel, 1911
• Polyrhachis limbata Emery, 1897
• Polyrhachis limitis Santschi, 1939
• Polyrhachis linae Donisthorpe, 1938
• Polyrhachis lombokensis Emery, 1898
• Polyrhachis longipes Smith, 1859
• Polyrhachis longipilosa ^[6]
• Polyrhachis longiseta
• Polyrhachis loriai Emery, 1897
• Polyrhachis loweryi Kohout, 1990
• Polyrhachis lownei Forel, 1895
• Polyrhachis lucens Donisthorpe, 1947
• 光亮多刺蚁 Polyrhachis lucidula Emery, 1893
• Polyrhachis luctuosa Emery, 1921
• Polyrhachis lugens Mayr, 1867
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) lumi
• Polyrhachis luteipes
• Polyrhachis lycidas Smith, 1861
• Polyrhachis lydiae Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) maai
• Polyrhachis machaon Santschi, 1920
• Polyrhachis mackayi Donisthorpe, 1938
• Polyrhachis macropa Wheeler, 1916
• Polyrhachis maculata Forel, 1915
• Polyrhachis magnifica Menozzi, 1926
• Polyrhachis malaensis Mann, 1919
• Polyrhachis malignus
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) mamba
• Polyrhachis marginata Smith, 1859
• 梅氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis mayri Roger, 1859
• Polyrhachis medusa Forel, 1897
• Polyrhachis (Myrma) medusae
• Polyrhachis melpomene Emery, 1897
• Polyrhachis menelas Forel, 1904
• Polyrhachis menozzii Karavaiev, 1927
• Polyrhachis merops
• 哀愁棘山蚁 Polyrhachis mesota Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis metella Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis micans Mayr, 1876
• Polyrhachis militaris (Fabricius, 1782)
• Polyrhachis mindanaensis Emery, 1923
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) minima
• Polyrhachis mitrata Menozzi, 1932
• Polyrhachis mjobergi Forel, 1915
• Polyrhachis mkomaziae Taylor & McGavin, 2020
• Polyrhachis modesta Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis moeschi Forel, 1912
• 迈氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis moesta Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis mondoi Donisthorpe, 1938
• Polyrhachis monista Santschi, 1910
• Polyrhachis montana Hung, 1970
• Polyrhachis monteithi
• 山栖多刺蚁 Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) monticola
• Polyrhachis mucronata Smith, 1859
• Polyrhachis muelleri Forel, 1893
• 墙多刺蚁 Polyrhachis murina Emery, 1893
• Polyrhachis mutatus
• Polyrhachis mutiliae
• Polyrhachis mystica Karavaiev, 1927
• Polyrhachis neptunus Smith, 1865
• Polyrhachis nidificans
• Polyrhachis niger
• Polyrhachis nigra Mayr, 1862
• Polyrhachis nigrescens Karavaiev, 1927
• 黑头多刺蚁 Polyrhachis nigriceps Smith, 1863
• Polyrhachis nigriseta
• Polyrhachis nigrita Mayr, 1895
• Polyrhachis nigropilosa Mayr, 1872
• Polyrhachis nitens Donisthorpe, 1943
• Polyrhachis nitida Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis noesaensis
• Polyrhachis nofra Bolton, 1975
• Polyrhachis nudata Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis numeria Smith, 1861
• Polyrhachis obesior
• Polyrhachis obscura Forel, 1895
• Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) obsidiana Karawajew, 1927
• Polyrhachis obtusa Emery, 1897
• Polyrhachis ochracea Karavaiev, 1927
• Polyrhachis oedacantha Wheeler, 1919
• Polyrhachis olena Smith, 1861
• Polyrhachis olybria Forel, 1912
• Polyrhachis omissa
• Polyrhachis omyrmex (Donisthorpe, 1938)
• Polyrhachis opalescens Clark, 1930
• Polyrhachis ops Forel, 1907
• 圆肩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis orbihumera Xu, 2002
• Polyrhachis ornata Mayr, 1876
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) orokana
• Polyrhachis orpheus Forel, 1911
• Polyrhachis orsylla Smith, 1861
• Polyrhachis osae Mann, 1919
• Polyrhachis osiris Bolton, 1975
• Polyrhachis otleti Forel, 1916
• Polyrhachis pallescens Mayr, 1876
• Polyrhachis pallipes Donisthorpe, 1948
• Polyrhachis pandarus
• Polyrhachis parabiotica Chapman, 1963
• 拟弓刺蚁 Polyrhachis paracamponota Wang & Wu, 1991
• Polyrhachis paromala Smith, 1863
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) parva
• Polyrhachis patiens Santschi, 1920
• Polyrhachis paxilla Smith, 1863
• Polyrhachis peetersi Wong & Guénard, 2021
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) pelecta
• Polyrhachis pellita Menozzi, 1922
• Polyrhachis penelope Forel, 1895
• Polyrhachis peregrina Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis personata Wheeler, 1919
• Polyrhachis phalerata Menozzi, 1926
• Polyrhachis phidias Forel, 1910
• Polyrhachis philippinensis Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis phipsoni
• Polyrhachis phryne Forel, 1907
• Polyrhachis phyllophilus
• Polyrhachis piliventris Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis pilosa Donisthorpe, 1938
• Polyrhachis pirata Sorger & Zettel, 2009
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) planata
• Polyrhachis plato Forel, 1911
• Polyrhachis platynota Stitz, 1933
• Polyrhachis platyomma Emery, 1921
• Polyrhachis polymnia Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis porcata Emery, 1921
• Polyrhachis pressa Mayr, 1862
• Polyrhachis prometheus Santschi, 1920
• 拟梅氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis proxima Roger, 1863
• Polyrhachis pruinosa Mayr, 1872
• 拟三尖叉多刺蚁 Polyrhachis pseudothrinax Hung, 1967
• 半眼多刺蚁 Polyrhachis pubescens Mayr, 1879
• Polyrhachis punctata Karavaiev, 1927
• 刻点多刺蚁 Polyrhachis punctillata Roger, 1863
• Polyrhachis punctiventris Mayr, 1876
• 城堡多刺蚁 Polyrhachis pyrgops Viehmeyer, 1912
• Polyrhachis pyrrhus Forel, 1910
• Polyrhachis queenslandica Emery, 1895
• Polyrhachis ralumensis Forel, 1901
• 四刺蚁 Polyrhachis rastellata (Latreille, 1802)
• 结多刺蚁 Polyrhachis ratellata (Latreille,1802)
• Polyrhachis reclinata Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis regesa Bolton, 1973
• Polyrhachis regularis Mayr, 1867
• Polyrhachis relucens (Latreille, 1802)
• Polyrhachis rere Mann, 1919
• Polyrhachis restituta Viehmeyer, 1913
• Polyrhachis retrorsa Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) retusa
• Polyrhachis revoili Andre, 1887
• Polyrhachis rhea Forel, 1911
• Polyrhachis ridleyi Forel, 1912
• Polyrhachis rixosa Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) roberti
• Polyrhachis robsoni
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) roomi
• Polyrhachis rossi Donisthorpe, 1948
• 圆顶多刺蚁 Polyrhachis rotoccipita Xu, 2002
• Polyrhachis rotumana Wilson & Taylor, 1967
• Polyrhachis rotundiceps Karavaiev, 1927
• Polyrhachis rowlandi Forel, 1910
• 红腹多刺蚁 Polyrhachis rubigastrica Wu & Wang, 1991
• Polyrhachis rubiginosa (Le Guillou, 1842)
• Polyrhachis ruficornis Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis rufifemur Forel, 1907
• Polyrhachis rufipalpis Santschi, 1910
• 红足多刺蚁 Polyrhachis rufipes Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis rufofemorata Smith, 1859
• Polyrhachis rugifrons Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis rugulosus
• Polyrhachis rupicapra Roger, 1863
• Polyrhachis rustica Kohout, 1990
• Polyrhachis saevissima Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis saigonensis Forel, 1886
• Polyrhachis salomo Forel, 1910
• Polyrhachis santschii Mann, 1919
• Polyrhachis sappho Forel, 1911
• Polyrhachis scabra Kohout, 1987
• Polyrhachis scapulata Santschi, 1932
• 畅多刺蚁 Polyrhachis schang Forel, 1879
• Polyrhachis schenckii Forel, 1886
• Polyrhachis schenkii
• Polyrhachis schistacea (Gerstaecker, 1859)
• Polyrhachis schizospina Karavaiev, 1927
• Polyrhachis schlueteri Forel, 1886
• Polyrhachis schoopae Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis schwiedlandi Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis scissa (Roger, 1862)
• Polyrhachis sculpta Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis sculpturata Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis scutulata Smith, 1859
• Polyrhachis semiaurata Mayr, 1876
• Polyrhachis semiobscura Donisthorpe, 1944
• Polyrhachis semipolita Andre, 1896
• Polyrhachis senilis Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis sericata (Guerin-Meneville, 1831)
• Polyrhachis sericeopubescens Donisthorpe, 1941
• Polyrhachis serratus
• Polyrhachis sexspinosa (Latreille, 1802)
• 始兴多刺蚁 Polyrhachis shixingensis Wu et Wang, 1995
• Polyrhachis sidnica Mayr, 1866
• Polyrhachis similis Viehmeyer, 1912
• Polyrhachis simillima Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis simplex Mayr
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) simulans
• Polyrhachis smithi Emery, 1901
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) snellingi
• Polyrhachis sokolova Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis solivaga Menozzi, 1926
• Polyrhachis solmsi Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis sophocles Forel, 1908
• Polyrhachis sparaxes Smith, 1863
• Polyrhachis spec Hector
• Polyrhachis spec Pandarus
• Polyrhachis spengeli Forel, 1912
• Polyrhachis spinicola Forel, 1894
• Polyrhachis spinicollis
• Polyrhachis spinigera Mayr
• Polyrhachis spitteleri Forel, 1916
• Polyrhachis splendens Santschi, 1932
• Polyrhachis stigmatifera Kohout, 1990
• 条纹多刺蚁 Polyrhachis striata Mayr, 1862
• Polyrhachis striatorugosus
• Polyrhachis strictifrons Emery, 1898
• Polyrhachis stylifera Karavaiev, 1935
• Polyrhachis subaenescens Viehmeyer, 1912
• Polyrhachis subcyanea Emery, 1897
• Polyrhachis subfossa Viehmeyer, 1913
• Polyrhachis subfossoides Karavaiev, 1927
• Polyrhachis submarginata
• 亚毛多刺蚁 Polyrhachis subpilosa Emery, 1895
• Polyrhachis subtridens Emery, 1900
• Polyrhachis sulcata Andre, 1895
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) sulcifera
• Polyrhachis sumatrensis Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis sylvicola (Jerdon, 1851)
• Polyrhachis tambourinensis Forel, 1915
• Polyrhachis taylori Kohout, 1988
• Polyrhachis templi Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis ternatae Karavaiev, 1933
• Polyrhachis terpsichore Forel, 1893
• Polyrhachis textor Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis thailandica
• Polyrhachis thais Forel, 1910
• 汤普森多刺蚁 Polyrhachis thompsoni Bingham, 1903
• 三尖叉多刺蚁 Polyrhachis thrinax Roger, 1863
• Polyrhachis thusnelda Forel, 1902
• 光胫多刺蚁 Polyrhachis tibialis Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis townsvillei Donisthorpe, 1938
• Polyrhachis tragos Stitz, 1925
• Polyrhachis transiens Bolton, 1973
• Polyrhachis trapezoidea Mayr, 1876
• Polyrhachis triaena Wheeler, 1919
• Polyrhachis tricuspis Andre, 1887
• Polyrhachis trina Donisthorpe, 1944
• Polyrhachis trispinosa Smith, 1861
• Polyrhachis tristis Mayr, 1867
• Polyrhachis trophima Smith, 1863
• 舟山多刺蚁 Polyrhachis tschu Forel, 1879
• Polyrhachis tubericeps Forel, 1893
• Polyrhachis tubifera Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis tubifex Karavaiev, 1926
• Polyrhachis turneri Forel, 1895
• 暴棘山蚁 Polyrhachis tyrannica Fr. Smith, 1858，暴多刺蚁，也拼作Polyrhachis tyrannicus
• Polyrhachis ugiensis Mann, 1919
• Polyrhachis ulysses Forel, 1910
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) umboi
• Polyrhachis unicuspis Emery, 1898
• Polyrhachis urania Forel, 1902
• Polyrhachis valerus
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) variegata
• Polyrhachis venus Forel, 1893
• Polyrhachis vermiculosa Mayr, 1876
• Polyrhachis verticalis Santschi, 1928
• Polyrhachis vestita Smith, 1860
• Polyrhachis vibidia
• 鼎突多刺蚁 Polyrhachis vicina Roger, 1863
• Polyrhachis viehmeyeri Emery, 1921
• 大眼多刺蚁 Polyrhachis vigilans Smith, 1858
• Polyrhachis vigilans Viehmeyer, 1912
• Polyrhachis villipes Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis villosa Emery, 1897
• Polyrhachis vindex Smith, 1857
• Polyrhachis violaceonigra Viehmeyer, 1914
• Polyrhachis viscosa Smith, 1858
• 维氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis vitalisi Santschi, 1920
• Polyrhachis volkarti Forel, 1916
• Polyrhachis wagneri Viehmeyer, 1914
• Polyrhachis wallacei Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) wamuki
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) wardi
• Polyrhachis weissi Santschi, 1910
• Polyrhachis wellmani Forel, 1909
• Polyrhachis wheeleri Mann, 1919
• Polyrhachis wilmsi Forel
• Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) wilsoni
• 渥氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis wolfi Forel, 1912 渥氏棘山蚁
• Polyrhachis wroughtonii Forel, 1894
• Polyrhachis xanthippe Forel, 1911
• Polyrhachis xiphias Smith, 1863
• Polyrhachis yarrabahensis Forel, 1915
• Polyrhachis yerburyi Forel, 1893
• Polyrhachis yorkana Forel, 1915
• Polyrhachis ypsilon Emery, 1887
• Polyrhachis zimmerae Clark, 1941
• Polyrhachis zopyra Smith, 1861