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莫里西
来自维基百科，自由的百科全书
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史蒂芬·派崔克·莫里西（英语：Steven Patrick Morrissey，1959年5月22日—），常简称莫里西（Morrissey），英国创作歌手，1980年代担任另类摇滚乐团史密斯合唱团（The Smiths）主唱与作词家成名，乐团在英国极之成功，惜于1987年解散，其后莫里西开始他的单飞生涯，成绩依旧斐然。莫里西公认为独立音乐的重要革新者[1]，英国音乐杂志《NME》曾称他“史上其中一位最具影响力的音乐家”，《独立报》则表示“大多数流行歌手死后才能达到他现有标志性的地位”[2]。美国音乐评论网站Pitchfork Media曾称他为“西方流行文化二十年来其中一位特出人物”[3]
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莫里西的歌词充满故事性，细致描写个人情感，带有幽默感，亦有不少对社会现况的不满和意见，他坦率的意见不时引起争议。他支持素食主义及动物权益，他曾因嗅到演场会会场有肉味而拒绝演出。
2010年他指中国虐待动物，并指中国人是次等物种，也曾发表种族主义言论，杂志《Q》1992年曾引述他称黑人和白人没有可能和谐相处，他于2008年在音乐杂志《NME》上也曾发表反对移民言论。[4]
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早期生活
1959年5月22日，[5] 莫里西出生于兰开夏郡的老特拉福德。[6] 他的父母伊丽莎白（娘家姓德怀尔）和彼得·莫里西[6] 是爱尔兰天主教徒，[7] 在他出生前一年带着他唯一的姐姐杰奎琳（Jacqueline）从都柏林移民到曼彻斯特。[6] 尽管莫里西声称自己的名字来源于美国演员史蒂夫·科克伦，[8] 但他的名字也有可能是为了纪念他父亲早逝的弟弟派翠克·史蒂文·莫里西（Patrick Steven Morrissey）。[9]他最早的住所是曼彻斯特市中心休姆区女王广场哈珀街17号的市政公屋，现已被拆除。[10][11][12]他深受当时该地区发生的针对儿童的沼泽谋杀案影响。这些罪行给莫里西留下了深刻印象，并激发了他在The Smiths歌曲《Suffer Little Children》中的歌词创作。[13] 他也意识到英国社会对爱尔兰移民产生的反爱尔兰情绪。[14] 1970年，在休姆区对维多利亚时代房屋的“贫民窟清理”后，全家搬到了斯特雷特福德国王路384号的另一处市政公屋。[15]
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在圣威尔弗雷德小学接受完初等教育后，[15] 莫里西未能通过“11+”考试，[16] 因而进入圣玛丽中等现代学校就读。[17] 他在田径方面表现出色，[18] 但在学校里却不受欢迎，独来独往。[19] 他于1975年辍学，未获得任何正式学历。[20] 随后，他在斯特雷特福德技术学院继续学业，[20] 并取得了三门O-Level证书，分别为英国文学、社会学及综合论文。[21]
1985年，他为《Oxford Road Show》节目带领参观曼彻斯特，深情谈及圣威尔弗雷德小学，还拜访了几位旧日教师，并翻看了一本相册。之后他来到圣玛丽学校，对其评价非常负面，最后讽刺地总结道：“不值得推荐。”[22]他曾严厉批评自己所受的教育，后来表示：“我所接受的教育本质上就是邪恶而残酷的。我唯一学会的，就是舍弃自尊，并且无缘无故地感到羞耻。”[18] 他也谈到自己在学生时期曾遭受体罚，[23]这一经历成为The Smiths1985年歌曲《The Headmaster Ritual》的主题。教育也是他歌词中反复出现的元素，例如1995年专辑《Southpaw Grammar》中的《The Teachers Are Afraid of the Pupils》，以及2009年《Years of Refusal》中的《Because of My Poor Education》。他首张个人专辑《Viva Hate》原定名为《Education in Reverse》。该专辑在澳大利亚最初以此名称发行，但后来被更正。[24]
我在很小的时候就在音乐中迷失了自己，并一直沉浸其中……我确实爱上了所听到的那些声音，无论是男声还是女声。我爱那些人。我真的、真的爱那些人。为了这份热爱，我献出了我的生命……我的青春。在流行音乐的边界之外，是世界尽头的一道悬崖。
——莫里西，1991年[25]
1975年，他前往美国探望一位住在史坦顿岛的姑姑。[12]他父母关系紧张，最终于1976年12月分居，父亲搬出了家庭住所。[26]
身为图书管理员的母亲鼓励莫里西培养阅读兴趣。[27] 他对女权主义文学产生了兴趣。[28] 在1983年接受NME采访时，他援引了马乔里·罗森、莫莉·哈斯克尔和苏珊·布朗米勒等例子。[29]他尤其喜爱爱尔兰作家奥斯卡·王尔德，并逐渐将其视为偶像。[30] 莫里西年轻时曾是肥皂剧《加冕街》的粉丝，该剧聚焦曼彻斯特的工人阶级社区。他曾向《加冕街》的制作公司格拉纳达电视提交剧本和剧情建议，但均遭拒绝。[31] 他还喜欢希拉·德兰尼的剧本《A Taste of Honey》及其1961年的改编电影，这是一部关于索尔福德工人阶级生活的戏剧。[32] 他后来的许多歌词都直接引用了《A Taste of Honey》中的内容。[33]
关于自己的青年时代，莫里西曾说：“流行音乐是我唯一拥有的东西，它与流行歌星的形象完全交织在一起。我记得，当时我感觉唱歌的人真的就在我身边，理解我和我的困境。”[34]他后来透露自己购买的第一张唱片是玛莉安·菲芙的单曲《Come and Stay With Me》（1965）。[35] 1970年代，莫里西喜欢上了华丽摇滚。[36][37][38] 他为美国华丽摇滚乐队纽约娃娃成立了英国粉丝俱乐部，通过在音乐杂志背页的小广告吸纳成员。[39][40][41]
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放弃正规教育后，莫里西先后从事了一系列工作，先是在公务员系统担任文员，后转入税务局工作，[42]又在唱片店做过销售员，还当过医院搬运工，最终放弃工作开始领取失业救济金。[43]他将这些工作挣来的大部分钱用于购买乐队演唱会门票，如Talking Heads、雷蒙斯、金发美女。[44]他常去看音乐会，对另类音乐和后庞克尤为感兴趣。[45]1977年11月结识吉他手比利·达菲后，莫里西同意担任达菲的庞克乐队“Nosebleeds”的主唱，[46]但莫里西又在2024年表示自己“从未加入过”该乐队。[47]莫里西与乐队共同创作了多首歌曲，[48]如《Peppermint Heaven》《I Get Nervous》和《I Think I'm Ready for the Electric Chair》，[46]并随乐队为“被抛弃的约翰”和“杂志”乐队暖场演出。[40]但这只乐队不久后便解散了。[49]
莫里西逐渐在曼彻斯特的庞克圈子里小有名气。[50]到1981年，他已经与庞克爵士乐队“Ludus”的主唱林德·斯特林成为密友，并受到后者歌词和演唱风格的影响。[51]通过斯特林，他结识了霍华德·德沃托和理查·布恩。[50]当时，莫里西最要好的男性朋友是詹姆斯·梅克（James Maker）。他常去伦敦看望梅克，或是在曼彻斯特碰面。他们经常光顾当地的同性恋酒吧和俱乐部，有次甚至不得不躲避一群恐同暴徒的追赶。[52]
渴望成为专业作家的莫里西曾考虑从事音乐记者工作。[53]他经常给音乐媒体写信，最终被周刊音乐评论杂志《Record Mirror》聘用。[45]他为当地出版公司“Babylon Books”撰写了几本短篇书籍。1981年，该公司出版了莫里西所著的关于纽约娃娃乐队的24页小册子，售出3000册。[54]随后，莫里西又出版了关于已故美国影星占士·甸的《占士·甸没有死》。[45]莫里西当时对迪恩有浓厚兴趣，甚至在卧室里贴满了他的照片。[55]
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The Smiths时期
1978年8月，莫里西在曼彻斯特阿波罗剧院举办的帕蒂·史密斯演唱会上，经短暂介绍认识了14岁的约翰尼·马尔。[48]几年后，马尔在1982年5月拜访了莫里西，询问他是否有兴趣共同组建乐队。[56]马尔对莫里西曾撰写过的一本关于纽约娃娃乐队的书印象深刻。[57][58]据莫里西回忆：“我们一拍即合，有着相似的野心。”[59]次日，莫里西致电马尔，确认愿意与其组建乐队。[60]乐队首任贝斯手史蒂夫·庞弗雷特（Steve Pomfret）很快退出，由戴尔·希伯特（Dale Hibbert）接替。[61]乐队组建期间，莫里西决定仅以姓氏公开示人，[62]马尔则称他为“Mozzer”或“Moz”。[63]1983年，他禁止周围人使用他自己厌恶的本名“Steven”。[63]乐队的名称“史密斯”（the Smiths）由莫里西选定。[64]他后来在采访中解释：“这是最平凡的名字，我认为该让世界的普通人露一会面了。”[65]
除了创作乐队自己的歌曲外，他们还翻唱了Cookies乐队的《I Want a Boy for My Birthday》，后者体现了他们受纽约娃娃乐队启发，有意突破摇滚乐中既定性别与性取向规范的意图。[66]1982年8月，他们在曼彻斯特的Decibel工作室录制了首支试听带。[67]莫里西将样带送至Factory唱片公司，但对方并不感兴趣。[68]1982年夏末，迈克·乔伊斯通过试音，成功成为乐队鼓手。[69]同年10月，他们在曼彻斯特的The Ritz作为Blue Rondo à la Turk的暖场乐队完成了首次公开演出。[70]然而，贝斯手希伯特对他眼中乐队刻意营造的同性恋美学感到不满。与此同时，莫里西和马儿也对他的贝斯演奏感到不满，于是他被迫离队，并由马尔的校友安迪·洛克接任贝斯手。[71]
在被EMI唱片拒绝后，[72]莫里西和马尔前往伦敦，将他们录制的磁带交给了独立唱片公司Rough Trade Records的杰夫·崔维斯。[73]尽管没有立即与他们签约，但崔维斯同意将他们的歌曲《Hand in Glove》制作成单曲发行。[74]莫里西选择了一张由吉姆·弗伦奇拍摄的带有同性暗示的照片作为封面。[75]该单曲于1983年5月发行。乐队很快引发争议，因为《太阳报》记者加里·布谢尔指控他们的B面歌曲《Handsome Devil》是在支持恋童癖。[76]乐队否认了这一说法，莫里西表示这首歌“与儿童无关，更与儿童性侵无关”。[77] In the wake of their single, the band performed their first significant London gig, gained radio airplay with a John Peel session, and obtained their first interviews in music magazines NME and Sounds.单曲发行后，乐队在伦敦举行了首场重要演出，通过约翰·皮尔的节目获得了在电台上播放的机会，并在音乐杂志《NME》和《Sounds》上接受了首次采访。[78]
乐队随后发行的单曲《This Charming Man》和《What Difference Does It Make?》表现更佳，分别登上英国单曲排行榜第25位和第12位。[79]此时，The Smiths渐渐积累了一批忠实粉丝。1984年2月，他们发行了首张专辑《史密斯》，该专辑登上了英国专辑排行榜第2位。[79]
作为The Smiths的主场，“瘦高、轻声细语、留着蓬松发型并戴着眼镜”[80]的莫里西颠覆了许多流行和摇滚音乐的常规。[81]乐队简约的美学风格是对新浪漫主义奢靡风气的反叛。[82]虽然莫里西像新浪漫主义者或早期华丽摇滚歌手一样采用了中性化形象，但他的风格要含蓄低调得多。[83]据一名评论家所称，“他书卷气十足；戴着国民医疗服务体系的眼镜，在舞台上佩戴助听器；他保持独身。最糟糕的是，他很真诚”，他的音乐“如此令人陶醉地忧郁，如此危险地引人深思，如此诱人地有趣，以至于吸引听众......与他及其音乐建立联系，而疏离现实世界。”[84]在一篇关于乐队的学术论文中，朱利安·斯特林格（Julian Stringer）将他们描述为“英国最公开表达政治立场的团体之一”。[85]而在对其作品的研究中，安德鲁·沃恩斯（Andrew Warns）称他们为“最反资本主义的乐队”。[86]莫里西对时任首相玛格丽特·撒切尔的批评尤为尖锐。在1984年10月的布莱顿旅馆爆炸案后，他评论称“唯一的遗憾”是“撒切尔毫发无损地逃脱了”。[87]1988年，他表示第28条法案“体现了撒切尔的本质和她与生俱来的仇恨”。[87]
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The Smiths为他们的浪漫主义注入了现实主义色彩，以最轻盈的笔触调和了焦虑情绪。那个时代的特质在他们的主唱身上体现得淋漓尽致：他（莫里西）摒弃了摇滚乐中所有阳刚气质的痕迹，放大了不合群者与局外人的社交窘迫感，（歌曲中）轻柔萦绕的嗓音突然转为假声的嘶喊，身着过大尺寸的女式衬衫，戴着国民保健眼镜或约翰尼·雷式巨型助听器。
——Paul A. Woods，2007年[88]
1984年，乐队发行了单曲《Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now》和《William, It Was Really Nothing》，前者为他们在英国的首支前十热门单曲。同年年底，乐队推出了合辑《Hatful of Hollow》。1985年初，乐队发行了第二张专辑《Meat Is Murder》，这是他们唯一一张登上英国专辑榜榜首的录音室专辑。仅以单曲形式发行的《Shakespeare's Sister》在英国单曲榜上排名第26位；而专辑中唯一发行过的单曲《That Joke Isn't Funny Anymore》成绩较差，仅勉强进入前50名。[79]《How Soon Is Now?》最初是《William, It Was Really Nothing》的B面曲，后来被收录在《Hatful of Hollow》以及美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和华纳英国版的《Meat Is Murder》中。1985年，《How Soon Is Now?》在英国作为单曲发行，最终在英国单曲榜上排名第24位。
1985年间，乐队在录制下一张录音室专辑《The Queen Is Dead》的同时，展开了漫长的英国和美国巡演。该专辑于1986年6月发行，在英国排行榜上攀升至第2位。[79]然而，乐队内部并不和谐。与Rough Trade Records的法律纠纷使专辑发行推迟了近七个月（原本可于1985年11月发行），马尔开始感受到高强度巡演和紧凑录音日程带来的压力。[89]与此同时，鲁尔克因吸食海洛因于1986年初被开除[90]克雷格·甘农临时接替了贝斯手位置，但仅两周后，鲁尔克就复职了。甘农留在乐队中，改弹节奏吉他。这个五人阵容录制了单曲《Panic》和《Ask》（由柯斯蒂·麦考尔和声），分别登上英国单曲榜第11和第14位。[79]1986年10月巡演结束后，甘农离开了乐队。乐队对Rough Trade Records感到失望，最终与主流唱片公司EMI签约。此举招致部分乐迷的批评。[89]
1987年初，乐队单曲《Shoplifters of the World Unite》发行，在英国单曲榜上排名第12位。[79]随后推出的第二张精选专辑《The World Won't Listen》在排行榜上位列第2，[79]其中的单曲《Sheila Take a Bow》成为乐队生涯中第二个也是最后一个英国前十热门歌曲。[79]尽管乐队持续取得成功，但成员间的分歧——包括莫里西和马尔日益紧张的关系——使他们濒临解散。1987年7月，马尔离队，而寻找替代者的试音工作最终无果而终。
当乐队第四张专辑《Strangeways, Here We Come》于1987年9月发行时，乐队已经解散。在1989年的采访中，莫里西将乐队解散归因于缺乏管理团队。[91]专辑在英国排行榜最高位列第二，但在美国仅取得一般成绩，[79][92]不过相比乐队先前专辑的表现，它在美国市场表现已算成功。
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个人事业
在The Smiths解散前几个月，莫里西便邀请史蒂芬·斯特里特担任其个人制作人兼创作搭档，准备开启个人音乐生涯。[93]1987年9月，他在巴斯附近的Wool Hall录音室开始筹备首张个人专辑《Viva Hate》，[93]与音乐人文尼·瑞利、安德鲁·帕雷西共同完成录制。[94]不同于The Smiths以名人现成照片作为专辑和单曲封面的做法，《Viva Hate》的封面采用了由安东·寇班拍摄的莫里西肖像。[95]1988年2月，专辑首支单曲《Suedehead》发行，在英国单曲榜攀升至第5位，成绩超越The Smiths所有单曲。[96]同年6月发行的第二支单曲《Everyday Is Like Sunday》进入榜单第9名。[97]专辑更登上了英国专辑榜榜首。[95]专辑内的最后一首歌《Margaret on the Guillotine》因歌词描述撒切尔夫人被处决的场景，引发保守党议员杰弗里·狄更斯对莫里西参与恐怖组织的指控。警方特别部门随后搜查了他在曼彻斯特的住所。[98]
莫里西的首场个人演出于1988年12月在伍尔弗汉普顿市政厅举行。[99]这场活动吸引了大量观众，《NME》记者詹姆斯·布朗（James Brown）称“大厅内的兴奋和氛围，是我在任何公共活动中从未体验过的”。[100]继《Viva Hate》之后，莫里西又发行了两首新单曲。《The Last of the Famous International Playboys》讲述了伦敦东区黑帮克雷兄弟的故事，在英国单曲榜上排名第6。[101]随后发行的《Interesting Drug》则排名第9。[102]在与斯特里特的词曲创作合作结束后，莫里西转而与艾伦·温斯坦利和克莱夫·兰杰合作，[103]与他们录制了《Ouija Board, Ouija Board》。该单曲于1989年11月发行，排名第18位。[103]基督教发言人和小报谴责这首歌，声称它宣扬神秘主义。对此，莫里西回应道：“我与死者唯一的接触就是和《太阳报》记者说话的时候。”[104]
与温斯坦利和兰格合作期间，他开始着手制作首张精选专辑《Bona Drag》，但仅为该专辑录制了六首新歌，其余部分则由近期发行的单曲和B面歌曲组成。[105]该专辑在英国专辑排行榜上位列第9。[106]专辑中的两首新歌随后作为单曲发行。《November Spawned a Monster》讲述了一位使用轮椅的女性，虽登上排行榜第12位，但因其被指嘲笑残障人士而引发争议。[107]同年11月发行的第二支单曲《Piccadilly Palare》涉及伦敦男妓（rent boy）题材，并融入了同性恋俚语“Polari”，最高排名第19位。[108]此曲遭到英国同性恋媒体的批评，认为莫里西并非公开出柜者却使用“Polari”不妥[109]——尽管他在一年前的采访中曾承认自己对男女两性均有吸引力。[110]
莫里西与马克·E·内文展开新的创作伙伴关系[111]，共同完成他的第二张个人专辑《Kill Uncle》；该专辑于1991年3月发行，在专辑榜上最高达到第8名[111]。为宣传此专辑推出的两首单曲《Our Frank》与《Sing Your Life》未能打入单曲榜前20名，分别仅达第26与第33名[111][112]。专辑中的另一首歌曲《Found, Found, Found》则暗示了莫里西与美国独立摇滚乐团R.E.M.主唱麦可·史戴普之间的友谊[113]。
在筹划他的首次个人巡演时，莫里西组建了一支由具有洛卡比里背景的音乐人组成的新伴奏团，包括吉他手Boz Boorer、Alain Whyte与鼓手Spencer Cobrin[114]。他先在欧洲展开《Kill Uncle》巡演，邀请Phranc担任暖场嘉宾，并在每场演出舞台上布置上Edith Sitwell的巨幅影像[115]。在美国巡演期间，他于洛杉矶的论坛体育馆以15分钟售罄18,000张门票，速度甚至快过麦可·杰逊与麦当娜[116]。在该场演出中，大卫·宝儿也登台，与他合唱T. Rex的《Cosmic Dancer》[116]。在美国，他的26场演出中有25场门票售罄[116]；其中德州的一场演出由Tim Broad拍摄，后以VHS形式发行为《Live in Dallas》[117]。他接着前往日本——在当地，他对官方对粉丝的严格态度感到沮丧——然后前往澳大拉西亚，但因急性鼻窦炎而取消了数场演出[118]。
1990 年代初期被传记作家大卫·布雷特（David Bret）形容为莫里西与英国音乐媒体关系的“黑暗时期”[119]，此时媒体对他愈发敌对与批评。在某些情况下，媒体甚至散播错误讯息，例如他与弗兰克（Phranc）正在录制翻唱《Don't Go Breaking My Heart》的说法[120]；其他报导，如芭芭拉·艾伦（Barbara Ellen）在NME上的评论，则更接近人身攻击而非音乐评论[121]。NME声称他取消演出是对歌迷的不尊重表现[122]。他愈来愈不愿接受英国音乐记者的采访[123]，对他们不断将他的个人作品与The Smiths比较感到沮丧；他表示：“我的过去几乎让我没有未来”[124]。他曾告诉一位访问者，当时与他合作的乐团成员在技术上比The Smiths更为优秀[124]。
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In July 1992, Morrissey released the album Your Arsenal, which peaked at number 2 in the album chart.[125] It was the final release from producer Mick Ronson; Morrissey related that working with Ronson had been "the greatest privilege of my life".[126] Your Arsenal reflected Morrissey's lament for what he regarded as the decline of British culture in the face of increasing Americanisation.[127] He told one interviewer that "everything is informed by American culture—everyone under fifty speaks American—and that's sad. We once had a strong identity and now that's gone completely".[127] A number of the tracks on the album, most notably "Certain People I Know" and "The National Front Disco", dealt with the lives and experiences of tough, working-class youths.[128] Your Arsenal was critically well received,[129] and often described as his best album since Viva Hate.[125] The first single, "We Hate It When Our Friends Become Successful", had been released in April 1992 and peaked at number 17;[130] this was followed by "You're the One for Me, Fatty", which reached number 19 and "Certain People I Know", which reached number 34.[131] From September to December, Morrissey embarked on a 53-date Your Arsenal tour in which he varyingly decorated the stage with backdrops of skinhead girls,[132]Diana Dors, Elvis Presley, and Charlie Richardson.[133] One of the performances was recorded and released as Beethoven Was Deaf (1993).[134]
By the release of Your Arsenal, Morrissey's image had changed; according to Simpson, the singer had converted "from the aesthete interested in rough lads into a rough lad interested in aestheticism (and rough lads)".[135] According to Woods, Morrissey developed an air of "quietly assured masculinity", representing "a more robust, burlier, beefier version of himself",[136] while the poet and Morrissey fan Simon Armitage described the transition as being one from that of "stick-thin, knock-me-over-with-a-feather campness" to that of a "mobster and bare-knuckle boxer image".[137]This new image was reflected in the cover art for Your Arsenal; a photograph taken by Sterling, it featured Morrissey onstage with his shirt open, displaying a muscular torso beneath.[135]
In mid-1993, Morrissey co-wrote his fifth album, Vauxhall and I, with Whyte and Boorer; it was produced by Steve Lillywhite.[138] Morrissey described the album as "the best I've ever made",[139] and at the time believed it would be either his final or penultimate work.[140] It was both a critical and commercial success,[141] topping the UK album chart in March 1994.[142] The album had been named after Vauxhall, a district of South West London famous for the Royal Vauxhall Tavern gay pub.[139] One of the album's songs, "The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get", was released as a single at the time and reached number 8 in the UK.[139] The single's sleeve featured images of Jake Walters, a skinhead in his twenties, who was living with Morrissey at the time.[143] Walters had introduced Morrissey to York Hall, a boxing venue in Bethnal Green, part of London's East End, with the singer spending an increasing amount of time there.[144]
That year, he also released a non-album single, "Interlude", a duet with Siouxsie Sioux: the track was a cover of a Timi Yuro song. The record was published under the banner "Morrissey & Siouxsie"; due to record company issues, "Interlude" was only available on import outside Europe.[145]
In the autumn of 1994, Morrissey recorded five songs at South London's Olympic Studios.[146] In January 1995 the single "Boxers" was released, reaching number 23 on the singles chart.[147] In February 1995, he embarked on the Boxers tour, supported by the band Marion and featuring a backdrop depiction of the boxer Cornelius Carr.[148] One of these performances was filmed by James O'Brien and released as the VHS Introducing Morrissey.[149] In December 1995, the song "Sunny" was released as a single; a lament for Morrissey's terminated relationship with Walters, the song was the first of Morrissey's singles not to chart.[146] In 1995 the compilation album World of Morrissey was released, containing largely B-sides.[150]
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After his contract with EMI expired, Morrissey signed to RCA.[151] On this label he recorded his next album, Southpaw Grammar, at the Miraval Studios in southern France before releasing it in August 1995.[152] Its cover art featured an image of the boxer Kenny Lane.[153] It reached number 4 in the UK album charts,[153] but made little impact compared to its two predecessors.[154] In September 1995, Morrissey served as the support act for the British leg of Bowie's Outside Tour.[155] Backstage at the Aberdeen gig, Morrissey was taken ill and taken to hospital; he did not return for the rest of the tour.[156] Later referring to the tour critically, he said that when you become involved with Bowie, "you have to worship at the Temple of David".[157]
In December 1996, a legal case against Morrissey and Marr brought by Smiths' drummer Mike Joyce arrived at the High Court. Joyce alleged that he had not received his fair share of recording and performance royalties from his time with the band, calling for at least £1 million in damages and 25% of all future Smiths album sales. After a seven-day hearing, the judge ruled in favour of Joyce.[158][159]In summing up the case, Judge Justice Weeks referred to Morrissey as "devious, truculent and unreliable when his own interests were at stake", with the words "devious" and "truculent" being widely used in press coverage of the ruling.[160] Marr paid the money legally owed to Joyce but Morrissey launched an appeal against the ruling.[161] He said that the judge had been biased against him from the start of the proceedings because of his public criticisms of Thatcher and her government.[162] Morrissey lost his appeal in July 1998, although he launched another soon after;[162] this too was unsuccessful.[163]In a November 2005 statement, Morrissey said that Joyce had cost him £600,000 in legal fees alone and approximately £1,515,000 in total.[164]
Morrissey returned on Island Records in 1997, releasing the single "Alma Matters" in July,[来源请求] followed by his next album Maladjusted in August.[165] The album peaked at number 8 in the UK album charts. Its further two singles, "Roy's Keen" and "Satan Rejected My Soul", both peaked outside the top 30 on the UK singles chart.[112]Having been unhappy with the cover design for Southpaw Grammar, Morrissey left control of cover art of Maladjusted to his record company, but again was unsatisfied with the result.[166]
Uncut reported in 1998 that Morrissey no longer had a record deal.[167]The following year, he embarked on the Oye Esteban Tour, and was one of the headliners of the Coachella Festival in California.[168]
The England that I have loved, and I have sung about, and whose death I have sung about, I felt had finally slipped away. And so I was no longer saying, "England is dying." I was beginning to say, "Well, yes, it has died and here's the carcass"—so why hang around?
— Morrissey, on his move to Los Angeles.[169]
Leaving Britain, Morrissey purchased a house in Lincoln Heights, Los Angeles. It had formerly been the residence of Carole Lombard and had been re-designed by William Haines.[170] Over the next few years he rarely returned to Britain.[170] In 2002, Morrissey returned with a world tour, culminating in two sold-out nights at the Royal Albert Hall, during which he played as-yet unreleased songs.[171]Outside the US and Europe, concerts also took place in Australia and Japan.[172]During this time, Channel 4 filmed The Importance of Being Morrissey, a documentary which aired in 2003; it was Morrissey's first major screen interview to appear on British television.[173][174]He told interviewers that he was working on an autobiography,[175] and expressed criticism of reality television music shows like Pop Idol which were then in their infancy.[176]
In 2003, Morrissey signed to Sanctuary Records, where he was given the defunct reggae label Attack Records to use for his next project.[177][178]Produced by Jerry Finn and recorded in both Los Angeles and Berkshire, Morrissey's seventh solo album was You Are the Quarry; it was released in May 2004.[179] The album's cover art featured an image of Morrissey carrying a Tommy gun.[180] It peaked at number 2 on the UK album chart and number 11 on the U.S. Billboard album chart.[112]The first single, "Irish Blood, English Heart", reached number 3 in the UK singles chart, the highest ranked single of his career.[181] Promoting the album, he made appearances on both Top of the Pops and Later with Jools Holland,[182] and gave his first television interview in 17 years on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross; Morrissey was visibly uncomfortable with Jonathan Ross' questions.[183] He also agreed to interviews with various press outlets, including the NME, stating that "the nasty old guard" who controlled the magazine in the 1990s were gone and that it was not "the smelly NME any more".[184]
To promote the album, Morrissey embarked on a world tour from April to November.[185]He marked his 45th birthday with a concert at the Manchester Arena, supported by Franz Ferdinand;[186] it was recorded for release as the DVD Who Put the M in Manchester?.[来源请求] Morrissey was also invited to curate that year's Meltdown festival at London's Southbank Centre. Among the acts he secured were Sparks, Loudon Wainwright III, Ennio Marchetto, Nancy Sinatra, the Cockney Rejects, Lypsinka, the Ordinary Boys, the Libertines, and playwright Alan Bennett.[187] He had unsuccessfully attempted to secure appearances from Brigitte Bardot and Maya Angelou.[188] That year he also performed at several UK music festivals, including Leeds, Reading, and Glastonbury.[189]
Morrissey's eighth studio album, Ringleader of the Tormentors, was recorded in Rome and released in April 2006. It debuted at number 1 in the UK album charts and number 27 in the US.[190][191]The album yielded four singles: "You Have Killed Me", "The Youngest Was the Most Loved", "In the Future When All's Well", and "I Just Want to See the Boy Happy".[来源请求] The album was produced by Tony Visconti; Morrissey called the album "the most beautiful—perhaps the most gentle—so far". Billboard described the album as showcasing "a thicker, more rock-driven sound".[192]
In December 2007, Morrissey signed a new deal with Decca Records, which included a Greatest Hits album and a new studio album.[193]Greatest Hits charted at number 5 in the UK album chart.[190]"That's How People Grow Up" was the first single from Greatest Hits, reaching number 14 in the UK charts.[190]A second single from the album, "All You Need Is Me", followed.
His ninth studio album, Years of Refusal, originally due in September, was postponed until February 2009, as a result of the death of producer Jerry Finn,[194]and the lack of an American label to distribute the album.[195]When released by the Universal Music Group, it reached number 3 in the UK Albums Chart[196]and 11 in the US Billboard 200.[197]The record was widely acclaimed by critics,[198]with comparisons made to Your Arsenal[199]and Vauxhall and I.[200]A review from Pitchfork Media noted that with Years of Refusal, Morrissey "has rediscovered himself, finding new potency in his familiar arsenal. Morrissey's rejuvenation is most obvious in the renewed strength of his vocals" and called it his "most venomous, score-settling album, and in a perverse way that makes it his most engaging".[200]"I'm Throwing My Arms Around Paris" and "Something Is Squeezing My Skull" were released as the record's singles. The song "Black Cloud" features the guitar playing of Jeff Beck. Throughout 2009, Morrissey toured to promote the album. As part of the extensive Tour of Refusal, Morrissey followed a lengthy US tour with concerts booked in Ireland, the UK, and Russia.[201]
In October 2009, Swords, a B-sides collection of material released between 2004 and 2009, was released.[202]It peaked at 55 on the UK albums chart, and Morrissey later called it "a meek disaster".[203]On the second date of the UK tour to promote Swords, Morrissey collapsed onstage in Swindon,[204]and was briefly hospitalised.[205]Following the Swords tour, Morrissey had fulfilled his contractual obligation to Universal Records and was without a record company.[206]
In April 2011, EMI issued a new compilation, Very Best of Morrissey, for which the singer had chosen the track list and artwork.[207]In March 2011, Morrissey took Ron Laffitte as his manager.[208]In June and July 2011, Morrissey played a UK tour;[209]during his 2011 performance at Glastonbury Festival, Morrissey criticised UK Prime Minister David Cameron for attempting to prevent a ban on wild animals performing in circuses, calling him a "silly twit".[210]This was followed by several dates elsewhere in Europe.[211]Morrissey's 2012 tour started in South America and continued through Asia and North America. Morrissey played concerts in Belgium, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Portugal, England, and Scotland. In late September, while visiting Strand Bookstore in Manhattan, he saved an elderly lady who had fainted beside him.[212]Between January and March 2013, Morrissey toured 32 North American cities, beginning in Greenvale, New York and ending in Portland, Oregon.[213]Patti Smith and her band were special guests at the Staples Center concert in Los Angeles, and Kristeen Young opened on all nights.[214]
In January 2013, Morrissey was diagnosed with a bleeding ulcer and several engagements were rescheduled.[215]On 7 March, Morrissey was hospitalised again, this time with pneumonia in both lungs.[216]One week later, the rest of the tour was cancelled.[217]During his rehabilitation he spent time in Ireland, where he watched the country's football team play a match against Austria in the company of his cousin Robbie Keane.[218][219]
In April, EMI reissued the single "The Last of the Famous International Playboys", backed by three new songs: "People Are the Same Everywhere", "Action Is My Middle Name", and "The Kid's a Looker", all recorded live in 2011.[220]Starting in June, Morrissey performed in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Peru and Chile.[221]In August, Morrissey's concert at Hollywood High School on 2 March 2013, had a worldwide cinema release.[需要解释] Morrissey: 25 Live marks Morrissey's 25th year as a solo artist, and was the first authorised live Morrissey DVD in nine years.[222]In July, Morrissey cancelled the South American leg of his tour due to a "lack of funding", saying it was "the last of many final straws".[223]
In October 2013, Morrissey's autobiography, titled Autobiography, was released after a "content dispute" had delayed it from the initial release date of 16 September 2013.[224]The book's release caused controversy as it was published as a "contemporary classic" under the Penguin Classics label at Morrissey's request, which some critics felt devalued the Penguin Classics label.[225][226]Morrissey had completed the 660-page book in 2011,[227]before shopping it to publishers such as Penguin Books[228]and Faber and Faber.[229]The book received divergent reviews: The Daily Telegraph giving it a five-star review that described it as "the best written musical autobiography since Bob Dylan's Chronicles", while The Independent criticised the book's "droning narcissism" as well as its status as a Penguin Classic.[230]The book entered the UK book charts at number 1, nearly 35,000 copies being sold in its first week.[231]In December, a 2011 live cover version of Lou Reed's "Satellite of Love", was released as a single.[232]
In January 2014, Morrissey signed a two-record deal with Capitol Music.[233]His tenth studio album, World Peace Is None of Your Business, was released in July.[234]Prior to its release, he embarked on a US tour in May,[235]but was hospitalised in Boston in early June, cancelling the remaining nine tour dates.[236]After finishing a six date tour in the UK, he did a US tour during June and July, including a concert in New York with special guest Blondie at Madison Square Garden.[237]In July 2015, he publicly claimed that an airport security guard had groped him at San Francisco International Airport. He filed a sexual assault complaint; the Transportation Security Administration found no supporting evidence to act on the allegation.[238]In August, Capitol Music and Harvest Records ended their contracts with Morrissey.[239]In October, he disclosed he had received treatment for Barrett's oesophageal cancer.[238][240]
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In September 2015, Penguin Books published Morrissey's first novel, List of the Lost.[241][242]
In November 2017, his eleventh studio album, Low in High School, was released through BMG and Morrissey's own Etienne record label.[243]That same month, Morrissey attracted press attention and criticism for comments made in an interview with Der Spiegel: he stated that it was "quite sad" that distinct national identities in Europe were being undermined by politicians trying "to introduce a multicultural aspect to everything",[244][245][246]and that some individuals claiming victimhood as part of the Me Too movement were not genuine victims of sexual assault but were "simply disappointed".[244][247]Morrissey accused Der Spiegel of misquoting him and said it would be his last print interview.[248][249]He played two shows at Los Angeles' Hollywood Bowl in November.[250]Morrissey's first UK tour since 2015 began in Aberdeen and concluded in London.[251]
In November 2018, Morrissey released a cover of the Pretenders' "Back on the Chain Gang",[252]performing it on The Late Late Show with James Corden.[253]In May 2019, Morrissey played a seven-night residency at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on Broadway,[254]prior to the release of his twelfth studio album, a covers album titled California Son.
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Morrissey released an 11-track album I Am Not a Dog on a Chain in late March 2020. The lead single, "Bobby, Don't You Think They Know?" featuring Motown soul singer Thelma Houston, was also made available on streaming sites.[255]
In November 2020, Morrissey's deal with BMG expired and was not renewed.[256]Morrissey completed a Las Vegas residency in July 2022 titled "Viva Moz Vegas" for the second year in a row.[257]He completed tour dates in the UK and Ireland.[258][259]
The initial plan to release his fourteenth solo album Bonfire of Teenagers in 2023 on Capitol Records in the US, although he did not sign with a label for a UK release, was scrapped.[260]The album has eleven songs produced by Andrew Watt and features Red Hot Chili Peppers members Chad Smith and Flea alongside their former bandmate Josh Klinghoffer. Guests also included singers Miley Cyrus and Iggy Pop who contributed backing vocals.[261]In addition, Capitol planned to re-issue several of Morrissey's albums released between 1995 and 2014, with the exception of Maladjusted.[262]On 15 November, it was announced that Bonfire of Teenagers was no longer scheduled to release in February, with Morrissey saying that the fate of the album was exclusively in the hands of the label.[263]
On 25 November 2022, the album's lead single, "Rebels Without Applause", was released by Capitol Records worldwide.[264]On 23 and 24 December, Morrissey announced that he had voluntarily parted ways with his current management companies, Maverick and Quest, withdrew any association with Capitol Records, and revealed that Cyrus requested to have her vocals removed from the album, which still remains under the control of Capitol and would no longer be releasing it.[265][266][267][268]He later confirmed in February 2023 that Capitol, while still maintaining control of the album, will not release Bonfire of Teenagers; he also suggested that the album had been "sabotaged" by Capitol.[269]
On 8 December 2022, Morrissey announced that in January and February 2023, he would record a new album, titled Without Music the World Dies.[270]On 20 February 2023, he announced the album had been completed and unveiled its tracklist, before offering the album to any record labels or private investors who would be willing to distribute it.[271]
In 2024, "Interlude", Morrissey's duet with Siouxsie, was re-released on 12-inch gold vinyl for Record Store Day on 20 April 2024; it was available in the UK and other parts of Europe only.[272]
In August 2024, Morrissey said in a post on his website that he and Marr had received a "lucrative offer" to tour as the Smiths in 2025.[273]The singer said he accepted the invitation, but Marr did not respond. Marr did not publicly comment, but had then-recently posted a picture of Reform UK leader Nigel Farage to dismiss calls to reunite in the aftermath of Oasis's reunion. Marr previously said in 2016 that Morrissey's politics aligned with Farage's, joking that any potential Smiths reunion would feature the politician as their replacement guitarist.[274]
Marr's statement also clarified other claims made by Morrissey's team on Morrissey's website such as that Marr had filed for 100% ownership of the Smiths' intellectual property and trademark rights without having consulted with Morrissey despite the fact that "Morrissey alone created the musical unit name 'The Smiths' in May 1982".[275]In Marr's statement, it was clarified that Marr discovered that the band did not own the trademark, and in an effort to protect the trademark from a third party attempt made in 2018 to use the band's name, Marr registered the trademark solely under his name after a failure to receive a response from Morrissey and his representatives. In January 2024, Marr signed an agreement to share ownership of the name with Morrissey, an agreement Morrissey has yet to follow up on. Marr further clarified that the efforts to take the trademark were not to tour under the Smiths' name with a singer of Marr's choice (contrary to the claims made by Morrissey's team), but rather simply to protect the band's name and use of the name.[276]
In February 2025, Morrissey announced tour dates in the UK and Ireland, later followed by dates across Europe throughout the year.[277][278]Shows in Dublin and Manchester were opened by Brigitte Calls Me Baby.[277]
In March 2025 he instructed his law firm, Levy & McRae to pursue legal action against a UK-based individual for "distressing, harmful and libellous content" about him as reported by Music Business Worldwide.[279]The Times newspaper in April 2025 also concurred with his actions arguing it wasn't parody but stalking.[280]
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