PIC微控制器

PIC微控制器（PIC microcontroller），是一种使用哈佛结构的精简指令集微控制器，由Microchip公司研发而成。

PIC的架构是明显的最低限度。它具有以下特点：

分离式的程序存储器和数据存储器（哈佛结构）
少量的固定长度指令
指令是单周期执行（4时钟周期），仅流程转移指令(call, goto, return, 成立时的条件跳跃)需两个指令周期
所有 RAM 位置均可当作作为算数或其他运算的源寄存器或目的寄存器使用
一个堆栈用于存放子程序调用的返回地址
较小的数据寻址空间，但使用多个 bank 的方式（每个 bank 通常为 128 字节），来存取较大的 RAM
寄存器、外部输入输出端口等均映射在数据空间中
程序计数器也是映射到数据空间和写入（这是用来执行间接跳跃）

Opcode（二进制）	助记体	说明
`0000 0000 0000`	NOP	No operation
`0000 0000 0010`	OPTION	Load OPTION register with contents of W
`0000 0000 0011`	SLEEP	Go into standby mode
`0000 0000 0100`	CLRWDT	Reset watchdog timer
`0000 0000 01ff`	TRIS f	Move W to port control register (f=1..3)

`0000 001 fffff`	MOVWF f	Move W to f
`0000 010 xxxxx`	CLRW	Clear W to 0 (a.k.a CLR x,W)
`0000 011 fffff`	CLRF f	Clear f to 0 (a.k.a. CLR f,F)
`0000 10d fffff`	SUBWF f,d	Subtract W from f (d = f − W)
`0000 11d fffff`	DECF f,d	Decrement f (d = f − 1)
`0001 00d fffff`	IORWF f,d	Inclusive OR W with F (d = f OR W)
`0001 01d fffff`	ANDWF f,d	AND W with F (d = f AND W)
`0001 10d fffff`	XORWF f,d	Exclusive OR W with F (d = f XOR W)
`0001 11d fffff`	ADDWF f,d	Add W with F (d = f + W)
`0010 00d fffff`	MOVF f,d	Move F (d = f)
`0010 01d fffff`	COMF f,d	Complement f (d = NOT f)
`0010 10d fffff`	INCF f,d	Increment f (d = f + 1)
`0010 11d fffff`	DECFSZ f,d	Decrement f (d = f − 1) and skip if zero
`0011 00d fffff`	RRF f,d	Rotate right F (rotate right through carry)
`0011 01d fffff`	RLF f,d	Rotate left F (rotate left through carry)
`0011 10d fffff`	SWAPF f,d	Swap 4-bit halves of f (d = f<<4 \| f>>4)
`0011 11d fffff`	INCFSZ f,d	Increment f (d = f + 1) and skip if zero

`0100 bbb fffff`	BCF f,b	Bit clear f (Clear bit b of f)
`0101 bbb fffff`	BSF f,b	Bit set f (Set bit b of f)
`0110 bbb fffff`	BTFSC f,b	Bit test f, skip if clear (Test bit b of f)
`0111 bbb fffff`	BTFSS f,b	Bit test f, skip if set (Test bit b of f)

`1000 kkkkkkkk`	RETLW k	Set W to k and return
`1001 kkkkkkkk`	CALL k	Save return address, load PC with k
`101 kkkkkkkkk`	GOTO k	Jump to address k (9 bits!)
`1100 kkkkkkkk`	MOVLW k	Move literal to W (W = k)
`1101 kkkkkkkk`	IORLW k	Inclusive or literal with W (W = k OR W)
`1110 kkkkkkkk`	ANDLW k	AND literal with W (W = k AND W)
`1111 kkkkkkkk`	XORLW k	Exclusive or literal with W (W = k XOR W)

Opcode（二进制）	助记元	说明
`00 0000 0000 0000`	NOP	No operation
`00 0000 0000 1000`	RETURN	Return from subroutine, W unchanged
`00 0000 0000 1001`	RETFIE	Return from interrupt
`00 0000 0110 0010`	OPTION	Write W to OPTION register
`00 0000 0110 0011`	SLEEP	Go into standby mode
`00 0000 0110 0100`	CLRWDT	Reset watchdog timer
`00 0000 0110 01ff`	TRIS f	Write W to tristate register f

`00 0000 1 fffffff`	MOVWF f	Move W to f
`00 0001 0 xxxxxxx`	CLRW	Clear W to 0 (W = 0)
`00 0001 1 fffffff`	CLRF f	Clear f to 0 (f = 0)
`00 0010 d fffffff`	SUBWF f,d	Subtract W from f (d = f − W)
`00 0011 d fffffff`	DECF f,d	Decrement f (d = f − 1)
`00 0100 d fffffff`	IORWF f,d	Inclusive OR W with F (d = f OR W)
`00 0101 d fffffff`	ANDWF f,d	AND W with F (d = f AND W)
`00 0110 d fffffff`	XORWF f,d	Exclusive OR W with F (d = f XOR W)
`00 0111 d fffffff`	ADDWF f,d	Add W with F (d = f + W)
`00 1000 d fffffff`	MOVF f,d	Move F (d = f)
`00 1001 d fffffff`	COMF f,d	Complement f (d = NOT f)
`00 1010 d fffffff`	INCF f,d	Increment f (d = f + 1)
`00 1011 d fffffff`	DECFSZ f,d	Decrement f (d = f − 1) and skip if zero
`00 1100 d fffffff`	RRF f,d	Rotate right F (rotate right through carry)
`00 1101 d fffffff`	RLF f,d	Rotate left F (rotate left through carry)
`00 1110 d fffffff`	SWAPF f,d	Swap 4-bit halves of f (d = f<<4 \| f>>4)
`00 1111 d fffffff`	INCFSZ f,d	Increment f (d = f + 1) and skip if zero

`01 00 bbb fffffff`	BCF f,b	Bit clear f (Clear bit b of f)
`01 01 bbb fffffff`	BSF f,b	Bit set f (Set bit b of f)
`01 10 bbb fffffff`	BTFSC f,b	Bit test f, skip if clear (Test bit b of f)
`01 11 bbb fffffff`	BTFSS f,b	Bit test f, skip if set (Test bit b of f)

`10 0 kkkkkkkkkkk`	CALL k	Save return address, load PC with k
`10 1 kkkkkkkkkkk`	GOTO k	Jump to address k (11 bits)

`11 00xx kkkkkkkk`	MOVLW k	Move literal to W (W = k)
`11 01xx kkkkkkkk`	RETLW k	Set W to k and return
`11 1000 kkkkkkkk`	IORLW k	Inclusive or literal with W (W = k OR W)
`11 1001 kkkkkkkk`	ANDLW k	AND literal with W (W = k AND W)
`11 1010 kkkkkkkk`	XORLW k	Exclusive or literal with W (W = k XOR W)
`11 110x kkkkkkkk`	SUBLW k	Subtract W from literal (W = k − W)
`11 111x kkkkkkkk`	ADDLW k	Add literal to W (W = k + W)

PIC微控制器

历史

PIC 产品系列

8-bit（资料宽度）微控制器

16-bit（资料宽度）微控制器

32-bit（资料宽度）微控制器

dsPIC 微控制器（16-bit 资料宽度）

8-bit PIC 的指令集

PIC刻录器

开发环境

外部链接

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