世界基督教

世界基督教（英语：World Christianity，可释作世界基督宗教或普世基督教）或 全球基督教（Global Christianity）是个学术名词，它尝试表达基督教的全球化特质，尤其着重“非西方基督教”在基督教信仰上的诠释，即“全球南方”(The Global South)地域，如亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲等大洲对基督教的理解。^[1]此外，这词也尝试了解散落在西欧和北美洲的本土基督教信仰。^[2]

历史

“世界基督教”此词最早出现于法兰西·约翰·麦康诺在1929年的文献^[3]和亨利·P·范杜森在1947年的文献。^[4]宣教历史学家肯尼思．斯科特．赖德烈也曾以“世界基督教团契”^[5]和“世界基督教群体”^[6]等类似名词表达相近意思。对这些学者来说，世界基督教本应用作宣扬基督教宣教观和教会合一, 但是在第二次世界大战后，由于去殖民化和国家独立等事件，宣教事工在许多国家如朝鲜、中国以及部分亚洲和非洲国家已停顿，世界基督教此名词也因此而失去了原有的概念。^[7]

现在此名词已甚少强调宣教和教会合一。^[7]然而，由于很多历史学家意识到廿世纪基督教的“全球转移”(Global Shift), 即基督教的重心由欧洲和北美洲等地转移至全球南方,^[8]^[9]^[10]现在“世界基督教”多用作形容基督教在二千多年历史中的多样性。^[7]

另一个与“世界基督教”相关的名词是“全球基督教”。对学者拉明·珊拿来说，“全球基督教”是一种欧洲认知的基督教，只强调复制欧洲的基督教模式，而对比起来,“世界基督教”更能对基督教福音的多样性作出本土回应。^[11]

著名学者

世界基督教的著名学者包括安德鲁·华尔斯、^[12] 拉明·珊拿^[13] 、拜仁·士丹利^[14]和黛娜·罗伯特。前三位学者均活跃于“宣教运动与世界基督教耶鲁-爱丁堡群组”。^[15]近期，克劳斯·科施尼克和“慕尼黑学派”里的世界基督教学科也尝试研究世界基督教的多样性。^[16] 除了这几个历史学家外，最近也有不少神学家尝试从系统神学的角度理解世界基督教，如灵恩派的韦利马蒂·卡维里^[17]和天主教的潘彼得。^[18]

参考文献

[1]
Kim, Sebastian; Kim, Kirsteen. Christianity as a World Religion. London: Continuum. 2008: 2.
[2]
Hanciles, Jehu. Beyond Christendom: Globalization, African Migration, and the Transformation of the West. Orbis Books. 2008. ISBN 978-1-60833-103-1.
[3]
McConnell, Francis John. Human needs and world Christianity. New York: Friendship Press. 1929.
[4]
Van Dusen, Henry P. World Christianity: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. New York: Abingdon-Cokesbury Press. 1947.
[5]
Latourette, Kenneth Scott. Toward a world Christian fellowship. New York: Association Press. 1938.
[6]
Latourette, Kenneth Scott. The Emergence of a World Christian Community. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1949.
[7]
Phan, Peter C. World Christianity: Its Implications for History, Religious Studies, and Theology. Horizons. 2012, 2 (39): 171–188.
[8]
Walls, Andrew F. Missionary Movement in Christian History: Studies in the Transmission of Faith. Orbis Books. 1996. ISBN 978-1-60833-106-2.
[9]
Robert, Dana L. Shifting Southward: Global Christianity Since 1945. International Bulletin of Missionary Research. April 2000, 2 (24): 50–58.
[10]
Jenkins, Philip. The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780199767465.
[11]
Lamin, Sanneh. Whose Religion Is Christianity?: The Gospel Beyond the West. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 2003: 22–23. ISBN 978-0-8028-2164-5.
[12]
Burrows, William R.; Gornik, Mark R.; McLean, Janice A., eds. Understanding World Christianity: The Vision and Work of Andrew F. Walls.. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
[13]
Akinade, Akintunde E., ed. A New Day: Essays on World Christianity in Honor of Lamin Sanneh. New York: Peter Lang. 2010.
[14]
School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh. Professor Brian Stanley. [9 September 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-14）.
[15]
Yale-Edinburgh Group. Yale Divinity Library. [9 September 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-01）.
[16]
Hermann, Adrian; Burlacioiu, Ciprian. Introduction: Klaus Koschorke and the "Munich School" Perspective on the History of World Christianity. Journal of World Christianity. 2016, 1 (6): 4–27. doi:10.5325/jworlchri.6.1.0004.
[17]
Yong, Amos. Whither Evangelical Theology? The Work of Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen as a Case Study of Contemporary Trajectories". The Dialogical Spirit: Christian Reason and Theological Method in the Third Millennium. Cambridge: James Clark and Co. 2015: 121–148.
[18]
Phan, Peter C. Doing Theology in World Christianity: Different Resources and New Methods. Journal of World Christianity. 2008, 1 (1): 27–53. doi:10.5325/jworlchri.1.1.0027.

[1] [1]
Kim, Sebastian; Kim, Kirsteen. Christianity as a World Religion. London: Continuum. 2008: 2.

[2] [2]
Hanciles, Jehu. Beyond Christendom: Globalization, African Migration, and the Transformation of the West. Orbis Books. 2008. ISBN 978-1-60833-103-1.

[3] [3]
McConnell, Francis John. Human needs and world Christianity. New York: Friendship Press. 1929.

[4] [4]
Van Dusen, Henry P. World Christianity: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. New York: Abingdon-Cokesbury Press. 1947.

[5] [5]
Latourette, Kenneth Scott. Toward a world Christian fellowship. New York: Association Press. 1938.

[6] [6]
Latourette, Kenneth Scott. The Emergence of a World Christian Community. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1949.

[:0-7] [7]
Phan, Peter C. World Christianity: Its Implications for History, Religious Studies, and Theology. Horizons. 2012, 2 (39): 171–188.

[8] [8]
Walls, Andrew F. Missionary Movement in Christian History: Studies in the Transmission of Faith. Orbis Books. 1996. ISBN 978-1-60833-106-2.

[9] [9]
Robert, Dana L. Shifting Southward: Global Christianity Since 1945. International Bulletin of Missionary Research. April 2000, 2 (24): 50–58.

[10] [10]
Jenkins, Philip. The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780199767465.

[11] [11]
Lamin, Sanneh. Whose Religion Is Christianity?: The Gospel Beyond the West. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 2003: 22–23. ISBN 978-0-8028-2164-5.

[12] [12]
Burrows, William R.; Gornik, Mark R.; McLean, Janice A., eds. Understanding World Christianity: The Vision and Work of Andrew F. Walls.. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

[13] [13]
Akinade, Akintunde E., ed. A New Day: Essays on World Christianity in Honor of Lamin Sanneh. New York: Peter Lang. 2010.

[14] [14]
School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh. Professor Brian Stanley. [9 September 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-14）.

[15] [15]
Yale-Edinburgh Group. Yale Divinity Library. [9 September 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-01）.

[16] [16]
Hermann, Adrian; Burlacioiu, Ciprian. Introduction: Klaus Koschorke and the "Munich School" Perspective on the History of World Christianity. Journal of World Christianity. 2016, 1 (6): 4–27. doi:10.5325/jworlchri.6.1.0004.

[17] [17]
Yong, Amos. Whither Evangelical Theology? The Work of Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen as a Case Study of Contemporary Trajectories". The Dialogical Spirit: Christian Reason and Theological Method in the Third Millennium. Cambridge: James Clark and Co. 2015: 121–148.

[18] [18]
Phan, Peter C. Doing Theology in World Christianity: Different Resources and New Methods. Journal of World Christianity. 2008, 1 (1): 27–53. doi:10.5325/jworlchri.1.1.0027.

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