俱卢之战

俱卢之战（梵语：कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध；英语：Kurukshetra War 或 Mahabharata War）是俱卢族和般度族之间为争夺俱卢国王位而发生的战争。据《摩诃婆罗多》记载，印度几乎所有地区都参与这场战争；根据《摩诃婆罗多》和其他吠陀文献记载，这是古印度吠陀时期规模最大的战争。^[8] 数十万刹帝利战士在这场战争中丧生，导致吠陀文化和文明衰落。^[8] 由于这场战争，印度失去许多刹帝利、知识和科学。从某种意义上说，正处于发展巅峰的吠陀文化和文明突然被毁灭。吠陀文明随着这场战争而结束。史诗《摩诃婆罗多》中记载这场战争的故事，并一直流传至今。^[8] 般度族据称赢得最终胜利。^[8]

俱卢之战 कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध
约1700年的俱卢之战图
地点 古鲁格舍德拉 结果 般度族与盟友惨胜，推翻俱卢族王朝 哈斯蒂纳普尔沦陷 持国退位，坚战登基 在尚武的率领下，天帝城（英语：Indraprastha）成为哈斯蒂纳普尔的附庸 鸯伽、车底、健驮逻国、羯陵伽、拘萨罗、摩德罗、摩揭陀、摩差、般遮罗、信度发生继承危机 般遮罗取代俱卢成为地区霸权 领土变更 俱卢的哈斯蒂纳普尔和天帝城在般度族的统治下重新统一 德罗纳持有的般遮罗土地归还给般遮罗 停战和战前状态
参战方
般度族 黑天 般遮罗 摩差 摩揭陀 车底 贡提 其他盟友	俱卢族 鸯伽 犍陀罗国 信度 摩德罗 剑浮沙 波力迦（英语：Bahlikas） 三穴国（英语：Trigarta Kingdom） 东光国（英语：Pragjyotisha kingdom） 雅度族(Narayani Sena of Krishna) 其他盟友
指挥官与领导者
领袖 坚战 总司令 猛光（英语：Dhrishtadyumna） (day 1-18) † 其他指挥官 阿周那 怖军 木柱王 † 毗罗吒 † 激昂（英语：Abhimanyu） † 百军（英语：Upapandavas） † 萨谛奇（英语：Satyaki） 束发 † 无种 偕天 军师 黑天	领袖 Dhritrashtra Duryodhana † Commanders-in-chief Bhishma (day 1-10) † Drona (day 11-15) † Karna (day 16-17) † Shalya (day 18) † Ashwatthama (night raid) Other-Commanders Dushasana † Jayadratha † Kripa Kritavarma Bhurishravas † Bahlika † Bhagadatta † Sudakshina † Strategist Shakuni †
兵力
7 Akshauhinis 153,090-100,300,000[1] 辆双轮战车和战车兵 10,000 - 153,090 头战象和骑象人 459,270 - 1,000,000 马和骑士 765,450 - 1,000,000,000 步兵 [2] (总计1,530,900-1,003,830,900名士兵)	11 Akshauhinis 240,570 辆双轮战车和战车兵 240,570 头战象和骑象人 721,710 马和骑士 - 100,000,000 horses (mentioned possibly as a hyperbole)[3] 1,202,850 步兵 6,000,000 protecting elephants and chariots[4] 140,000,000 毕舍遮 280,000,000 罗刹 420,000,000 夜叉 100,000,000 Narayani Sena[5][6] (total 8,450,700 - 1,048,405,700 soldiers)
伤亡与损失
几乎总共 (1,530,892 名士兵) only 8 known survivors - the Pandavas, Krishna, Satyaki, and Yuyutsu.	几乎总共(2,405,697 名士兵) only 3 known survivors - Ashwatthama, Kripa, and Kritavarma
Yudhishthira gives a different number which is 1,660,020,000 dead and 24,165 missing.[7]

俱卢之战图

参考文献

1. The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section L. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. （原始内容存档于25 March 2023）. And Nakula and Sahadeva placed themselves on the left wing. And on the joints of the wings were placed ten thousand cars and on the head a hundred thousand, and on the back a hundred millions and twenty thousand and on the neck a hundred and seventy thousand.
2. The Mahābhārata. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Penguin. 2009: 291. ISBN 978-0-14-044681-4.
3. The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Uluka Dutagamana Parva: Section CXCIX. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. （原始内容存档于25 March 2023）. And he was followed by Sauchitti, who steadily adhered to truth and was invincible in battle, and Srenimat, and Vasudeva and Vibhu, the son of the ruler of Kasi, with twenty thousand cars, and hundred million steeds of high mettle, each bearing scores of bells on its limbs, and twenty thousand smiting elephants with tusks as long as plough-shares, all of good breed and divided temples and all resembling moving masses of clouds.
4. The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parvad: Section XVIII. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. （原始内容存档于25 March 2023）. And with a division that consisted of ten thousand active elephants, the king of Magadha followed that large car division. They that protected the wheels of the cars and they that protected the elephants, numbered full six millions.
5. The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Section VII. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-27]. （原始内容存档于27 March 2023）.
6. The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Draupadi-harana Parva: Section CCLXXIX. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-26]. （原始内容存档于26 March 2023）. One hundred and forty millions of Pisachas, twice as many man-eating Rakshasa of terrible deed, and thrice as many Yaksha do my bidding!
7. The Mahābhārata. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Penguin. 2009: 593. ISBN 978-0-14-044681-4. Dhristarashtra asks Yudhishthira the number of battle casualties: he reports that 1,660,020,000 men are dead and 24,165 missing.
8. Bonnefoy, Yves. Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press. 1993-05-15. ISBN 978-0-226-06456-7 （英语）.