加拉帕戈斯双叉藻

加拉帕戈斯双叉藻
保护状况
	; 极危，可能绝灭（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	色藻界 Chromista
门：	淡色藻门 Ochrophyta
纲：	褐藻纲 Phaeophyceae
目：	墨角藻目 Fucales
科：	马尾藻科 Sargassaceae
属：	双叉藻属 Bifurcaria
种：	加拉帕戈斯双叉藻 B. galapagensis
二名法
	Bifurcaria galapagensis; (Piccone & Grunow) Womersley
异名
	Blossevillea galapagensis ; (Piccone & Grunow) W.R.Taylor; Fucodium galapagense ; Piccone & Grunow; Pelvetia galapagensis ; (Piccone & Grunow) De Toni;

加拉帕戈斯双叉藻(学名:Bifurcaria galapagensis)是厄瓜多尔科隆群岛特有的一种褐藻。最后一次观察到它们是于1983年，其数量已经极度稀少或可能灭绝。^[1]

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习性

分布与栖息地

在20世纪80年代之前，这种藻类在科隆群岛较低的潮间带十分常见。它们曾被发现于圣克里斯托巴尔岛、弗雷里安纳岛、平松岛、拉维达岛、圣克鲁斯岛、费尔南迪纳岛、伊莎贝拉岛的潮下带浅水区。^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]它们常被发现于岩石底部。^[2]

衰落

相信它们数量在1970年代仍很丰富。^[3]但在1983年二月，学者Robinson对其样本进行研究时发现其个体变得衰弱且附着器变得很细小。^[7]最后一次观察到它们是于1983年三月，此后尽管曾对此进行过大规模的搜索，仍没有任何发现。但国际自然保护联盟相信其仍有少数个体生存并将其列为极危。^[1]

它们的衰落可能是由厄尔尼诺现象和气候变化所致，以它们为食的海胆和其他食草动物数量的增加亦导致了它们的衰落。^[1]

参考资料

[1]
Miller, K.A., Garske, L. & Edgar, G. Bifurcaria galapagensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007. [2015年12月19日].
[2]
Taylor, W.R. 1945. Pacific marine algae of the Allan Hancock Expeditions to the Galápagos Islands. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 12 12(iv): 528 pp.
[3]
Wellington, G.M. 1975. The Galápagos coastal marine environments. A resource report to the Department of National Parks and Wildlife. A resource report to the *Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Quito. 357 pp.
[4]
Cinelli, F. and Colantoni, P. 1974. Alcune osservazioni del benthos marino sulle coste recciose delle isole Galápagos (Oceano Pacifico). Gruppo ricerche scientifiche e tecniche subacquee, Firenze. 22 pp.
[5]
Mead, G.W., Silva, P.C., Earle, S.A., Rozaire, C.A. and Janss, E. 1972. R/V Searcher Cruise 72-1 Galápagos Islands and Cocos Island. 49 pp.
[6]
Hedgpeth, J.W. 1969. An intertidal reconnaissance of rocky shores of Galápagos. Wasmann Journal of Biology 27: 1-24.
[7]
Robinson, G. 1985. The influence of the 1982-83 El Niño on Galápagos marine life. In: G. Robinson and E.M. Del Pino (eds) El Niño en las Islas Galapagos: el evento de 1982-1983, pp. 153-190. Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galápagos Islands, Quito.

[IUCN-1] [1]
Miller, K.A., Garske, L. & Edgar, G. Bifurcaria galapagensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007. [2015年12月19日].

[TW1945-2] [2]
Taylor, W.R. 1945. Pacific marine algae of the Allan Hancock Expeditions to the Galápagos Islands. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 12 12(iv): 528 pp.

[W1975-3] [3]
Wellington, G.M. 1975. The Galápagos coastal marine environments. A resource report to the Department of National Parks and Wildlife. A resource report to the *Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Quito. 357 pp.

[CC1974-4] [4]
Cinelli, F. and Colantoni, P. 1974. Alcune osservazioni del benthos marino sulle coste recciose delle isole Galápagos (Oceano Pacifico). Gruppo ricerche scientifiche e tecniche subacquee, Firenze. 22 pp.

[MG1972-5] [5]
Mead, G.W., Silva, P.C., Earle, S.A., Rozaire, C.A. and Janss, E. 1972. R/V Searcher Cruise 72-1 Galápagos Islands and Cocos Island. 49 pp.

[6] [6]
Hedgpeth, J.W. 1969. An intertidal reconnaissance of rocky shores of Galápagos. Wasmann Journal of Biology 27: 1-24.

[7] [7]
Robinson, G. 1985. The influence of the 1982-83 El Niño on Galápagos marine life. In: G. Robinson and E.M. Del Pino (eds) El Niño en las Islas Galapagos: el evento de 1982-1983, pp. 153-190. Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galápagos Islands, Quito.

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