场流分离(Field flow fractionation—FFF)为适用于大分子、胶体和微粒的分离技术,使欲分离成分之流液流经上下平板构成扁平带状通道,并将一场垂直施加于通道。场将导致不同成分处在距下壁不同的位置上,移动速度因而不同,以达到分离的目的。 场流分离,可将“流”通过不对称场如电场重力场热场半透膜。此技术于1966年首先由J. Calvin Giddings提出。[1]

Flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) channel cross section, where the rate of laminar flow within the channel is not uniform. It travels in a parabolic pattern with the speed of the flow, increasing towards the centre of the channel and decreasing towards the sides.

一物质的流速与流体平均流速的比值为其滞留系数

场流分离方法

流场流分离

(Flow FFF)

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Centrifugal FFF separates by mass (i.e. a combination of particle density and particle size). For example, gold and silver nanoparticles of identical size can be separated into two peaks, according to differences in density of gold and silver.

电场流分离

(electrical FFF) 仰赖垂直于分离(流动)方向上的电场,以间接分离流液。流液因带电成分荷质比不同,所受的电场作用力即不相同。当微粒所受的电力与扩散力达到平衡时,不同的微粒距离积聚壁有所不同,从而流速不同。粒子的漂移速度取决于其电泳淌度μ。

热场流分离

(Thermal FFF) 如其名,此分离方法透过温度梯度来驱动物质。通道上壁被加热,与下壁的温差可达到凯式温标四万度之多。

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