小RNA

提示：此条目页的主题不是微小RNA。

小RNA（small RNA，简称sRNA）泛指长度小于200个核苷酸（nt）的RNA分子，多为非编码RNA（ncRNA）^[1][2]。真核生物中此类RNA经常可与Ago等蛋白结合以进行RNA干扰，抑制其他基因mRNA的表现。小RNA的种类包括微小RNA（miRNA）、小干扰RNA（siRNA，包含tasiRNA^[3]）、piwi作用RNA（piRNA，包含rasiRNA^[4]）^[5]、小核RNA（snRNA）、小核仁RNA（snoRNA）^[6]、小卡哈氏体RNA（scaRNA）、tsRNA（衍生自tRNA的小RNA）和srRNA（衍生自rRNA的小RNA）^[7]等。现有miRNA定序（英语：MicroRNA sequencing）等次世代定序（英语：next-generation sequencing）技术专门用来侦测细胞中的小RNA^[8][9]。许多小RNA与数种癌症等疾病有关^[10]。

miRNA与目标mRNA结合以达成RNA干扰

细菌也具有许多小RNA（细菌小RNA），可与其他RNA或蛋白质结合，有调控基因表现，代谢、感染毒力、对环境反应与影响细胞结构等诸多功能^[11][12]。

参考资料

• 分子与细胞生物学主题

1. Margarita Pesheva; Martin Dimitrov. Carcinogen. BoD – Books on Demand. 2012: 121. ISBN 978-953-51-0658-6.
2. Storz, G. An expanding universe of noncoding RNAs.. Science. 2002, 296 (5571): 1260–3. PMID 12016301. doi:10.1126/science.1072249.
3. Vazquez F, Vaucheret H, Rajagopalan R, Lepers C, Gasciolli V, Mallory AC, Hilbert JL, Bartel DP, Crété P. Endogenous trans-acting siRNAs regulate the accumulation of Arabidopsis mRNAs. Mol. Cell. October 2004, 16 (1): 69–79. PMID 15469823. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.09.028.
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5. Mei, Yuping; Wang, Yuyan; Kumari, Priti; Shetty, Amol Carl; Clark, David; Gable, Tyler; MacKerell, Alexander D.; Ma, Mark Z.; Weber, David J.; Yang, Austin J.; Edelman, Martin J.; Mao, Li. A piRNA-like small RNA interacts with and modulates p-ERM proteins in human somatic cells. Nature Communications. 2015, 6 (1). ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/ncomms8316.
6. Morgado, Lionel. Diversity and types of small RNA: 37–47. 2020. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-817112-7.00002-X.
7. Lambert M, Benmoussa A, Provost P. Small Non-Coding RNAs Derived From Eukaryotic Ribosomal RNA.. Noncoding RNA. 2019, 5 (1). PMC 6468398 . PMID 30720712. doi:10.3390/ncrna5010016.
8. Lu, C; Tej, SS; Luo, S; Haudenschild, CD; Meyers, BC; Green, PJ. Elucidation of the small RNA component of the transcriptome.. Science. Sep 2, 2005, 309 (5740): 1567–9. PMID 16141074. doi:10.1126/science.1114112.
9. Ruby, J. Graham; Jan, Calvin; Player, Christopher; Axtell, Michael J.; Lee, William; Nusbaum, Chad; Ge, Hui; Bartel, David P. Large-Scale Sequencing Reveals 21U-RNAs and Additional MicroRNAs and Endogenous siRNAs in C. elegans. Cell. 2006, 127 (6): 1193–1207. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 17174894. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.10.040.
10. Wu, Qian; Lu, Zuhong; Li, Hailing; Lu, Jiafeng; Guo, Li; Ge, Qinyu. Next-Generation Sequencing of MicroRNAs for Breast Cancer Detection. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2011, 2011: 1–7. ISSN 1110-7243. PMC 3118289 . PMID 21716661. doi:10.1155/2011/597145.
11. Vogel J. A rough guide to the non-coding RNA world of Salmonella. Mol. Microbiol. January 2009, 71 (1): 1–11. PMID 19007416. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06505.x.
12. Felden, Brice; Vandenesch, François; Bouloc, Philippe; Romby, Pascale. The Staphylococcus aureus RNome and Its Commitment to Virulence. PLoS Pathogens. 2011-03-10, 7 (3): e1002006. ISSN 1553-7366. PMC 3053349 . PMID 21423670. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002006.