梭菌属（学名：Clostridium），菌体呈梭状，又称梭状芽孢杆菌属或厌氧芽孢杆菌属，芽孢常比菌体大，是一类能产生内生孢子的厌氧性革兰氏阳性菌。
梭菌属广泛分布于自然界，以土壤中最多，芽孢圆形或椭圆形。除了产气荚膜梭菌无鞭毛外，大多有鞭毛。大部分的梭菌属可以水解糖、蛋白质，又可产生外毒素，成为一些疾病的原因。
该属的模式种为丁酸梭菌（Clostridium butyricum）。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：[1]
- 不同梭菌 Clostridium absonum Nakamura et al., 1973，为Clostridium sardiniense Prévot 1938的异名
- 醋酸梭菌 Clostridium aceticum (ex Wieringa 1940) Gottschalk and Braun, 1981，丙酮丁醇杆菌，丙酮丁醇梭菌，醋酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌，醋酪酸梭状芽胞杆菌
- Clostridium acetireducens Örlygsson et al. 1996
- 丙酮丁醇梭杆菌 Clostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et al. 1926
- Clostridium acidisoli Kuhner et al. 2000
- Clostridium aciditolerans Lee et al. 2007
- 尿酸发酵梭状芽胞杆菌 Clostridium acidurici (Liebert 1909) Barker 1938，尿酸梭菌，也拼作Clostridium acidiurici
- 腐气梭状芽胞杆菌 Clostridium aerofoetidum ，臭气杆菌，臭气梭菌
- 产气梭菌 Clostridium aerogenes ，产气梭状芽孢杆菌
- 耐氧梭菌 Clostridium aerotolerans van Gylswyk and van der Toorn 1987，为Lacrimispora aerotolerans (van Gylswyk and van der Toorn 1987) Haas and Blanchard 2020的异名
- Clostridium aestuarii Kim et al. 2007
- Clostridium akagii Kuhner et al. 2000
- Clostridium aldenense Warren et al. 2007
- Clostridium aldrichii Yang et al. 1990
- Clostridium algidicarnis Lawson et al. 1995
- Clostridium algidixylanolyticum Broda et al. 2000
- Clostridium algifaecis Wu et al. 2014
- Clostridium algoriphilum Shcherbakova et al. 2010
- 碱性纤维素梭菌 Clostridium alkalicellulosi Zhilina et al. 2006，异名：Clostridium alkalicellum Zhilina et al. 2006
- 亚马逊梭菌 Clostridium amazonense O'Neal et al. 2015
- Clostridium aminophilum Paster et al. 1993
- Clostridium aminovalericum Hardman and Stadtman 1960
- Clostridium amygdalinum Parshina et al. 2003
- Clostridium amylolyticum Song and Dong 2008
- 黄水梭菌 Clostridium aquiflavi Sun et al. 2024[2]
- Clostridium arbusti Jung et al. 2010
- Clostridium arcticum (ex Jordan and McNicol 1979) Cato et al. 1988
- 阿根廷梭菌 Clostridium argentinense Suen et al. 1988
- 产香梭状芽孢杆菌 Clostridium aromativorans Luo et al. 2024[3]，分离自五粮液元明古窖池窖泥
- Clostridium articum (ex Jordan and McNicol 1979) Cato et al. 1988
- Clostridium asparagiforme Mohan et al. 2007
- Clostridium aurantibutyricum Hellinger 1944
- 产乙醇梭菌 Clostridium autoethanogenum Abrini et al. 1994
- Clostridium barati (Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970，异名：巴氏梭菌 Clostridium baratii (Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970
- Clostridium barkeri Stadtman et al. 1972
- Clostridium bartlettii Song et al. 2004
- 北海梭菌 Clostridium beihaiense Dong et al. 2018
- 拜氏梭菌 Clostridium beijerinckii Donker 1926
- 双酶梭菌 Clostridium bifermentans (Weinberg and Séguin 1918) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium bolteae Song et al. 2003
- Clostridium bornimense Hahnke et al. 2014
- 肉毒杆菌 Clostridium botulinum (van Ermengem 1896) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium bovifaecis Zhu et al. 2018
- Clostridium bowmanii Spring et al. 2003
- Clostridium bryantii Stieb and Schink 1985
- Clostridium budayi (Le Blaye and Guggenheim 1914) Bernard et al. 2018
- Clostridium butanoliproducens Rios-Galicia et al. 2024[4]
- 丁酸梭菌 Clostridium butyricum Prazmowski 1880
- 尸毒梭菌 Clostridium cadaveris (Klein 1899) McClung and McCoy 1957
- Clostridium caenicola Shiratori et al. 2009
- 温泉梭菌 Clostridium caldaquaticum Lv et al. 2023[5]
- Clostridium caminithermale Brisbarre et al. 2003
- 食一氧化碳梭菌 Clostridium carboxidivorans Liou et al. 2005
- Clostridium carnis (Klein 1904) Spray 1939
- Clostridium cavendishii Bowman et al. 2010
- Clostridium celatum Hauschild and Holdeman 1974
- Clostridium celerecrescens Palop et al. 1989
- Clostridium cellobioparum Hungate 1944
- Clostridium cellulofermentans He et al. 1991
- Clostridium cellulolyticum Petitdemange et al. 1984
- Clostridium cellulosi He et al. 1991
- Clostridium cellulovorans Sleat et al. 1985
- Clostridium chartatabidum Kelly et al. 1996，瘤胃纤维分解细菌
- 气肿疽梭菌 Clostridium chauvoei (Arloing et al. 1887) Scott 1928，鸣疽梭状芽孢杆菌，肖氏芽孢梭菌
- Clostridium chromiireducens Inglett et al. 2011
- Clostridium citroniae Warren et al. 2007
- Clostridium clariflavum Shiratori et al. 2009
- 梭状梭菌 Clostridium clostridioforme (Burri and Ankersmit 1906) Kaneuchi et al. 1976，也拼作：Clostridium clostridiiforme
- Clostridium coccoides Kaneuchi et al. 1976
- Clostridium cochlearium (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium cocleatum Kaneuchi et al. 1979
- Clostridium colicanis Greetham et al. 2003
- 鹌鹑梭菌 Clostridium colinum (ex Berkhoff et al. 1974) Berkhoff 1985
- Clostridium collagenovorans Jain and Zeikus 1988
- Clostridium combesii (Prévot and Laplanche 1947) Bernard et al. 2018
- Clostridium composti Shin et al. 2018
- 克萨氏梭菌 Clostridium coskatii Flüchter et al. 2019，一种新的产乙醇梭菌属物种
- 柱盘孢梭菌 Clostridium cylindrosporum (ex Barker and Beck 1942) Andreesen et al. 1985
- 艰难梭菌 Clostridium difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prévot 1938
- Clostridium diolis Biebl and Spröer 2003
- Clostridium disporicum Horn 1987
- 德可氏梭菌 Clostridium drakei Liou et al. 2005
- Clostridium durum Smith and Cato 1974
- Clostridium estertheticum Collins et al. 1993
- 谲诈梭菌 Clostridium fallax (Weinberg and Séguin 1915) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium felsineum (Carbone and Tombolato 1917) Bergey et al. 1939
- Clostridium fermenticellae Xu et al. 2019
- Clostridium fervidum Patel et al. 1987，也拼作：Clostridium fervidus
- Clostridium fessum Seo et al. 2020
- Clostridium fimetarium Kotsyurbenko et al. 1997
- Clostridium folliculivorans Tazawa et al. 2023[6]
- 自养乙酸梭菌 Clostridium formicaceticum Andreesen et al. 1970，也拼作：Clostridium formicoaceticum
- Clostridium frigidicarnis Broda et al. 1999
- Clostridium frigoris Spring et al. 2003
- 母鸡梭菌 Clostridium gallinarum Pallen 2024[7]
- 江华梭菌 Clostridium ganghwense Kim et al. 2006
- Clostridium gasigenes Broda et al. 2000
- Clostridium gelidum Honma et al. 2022[8]
- Clostridium ghonii Prévot 1938，也拼作：Clostridium ghoni
- 乙二醇梭菌 Clostridium glycolicum Gaston and Stadtman 1963
- Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum Sakuma et al. 2006
- Clostridium grantii Mountfort et al. 1996
- 广西梭菌 Clostridium guangxiense Zhao et al. 2017
- 溶血梭菌 Clostridium haemolyticum (Hall 1929) Scott et al. 1935
- Clostridium halophilium Fendrich et al. 1991
- Clostridium halophilum corrig. Fendrich et al. 1991
- 矛形梭菌 Clostridium hastiforme MacLennan 1939，哈氏梭菌
- Clostridium hathewayi Steer et al. 2002
- Clostridium herbivorans Varel et al. 1995
- Clostridium hiranonis Kitahara et al. 2001
- 溶组织梭菌 Clostridium histolyticum (Weinberg and Séguin 1916) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium homopropionicum Dörner and Schink 1991
- Clostridium huakuii Ruan et al. 2014，以对中国土壤微生物学做出贡献的微生物学家陈华癸的名字命名
- Clostridium hungatei Monserrate et al. 2001
- Clostridium hydrogeniformans Bowman et al. 2010
- Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum Zhang et al. 1994
- Clostridium hylemonae Kitahara et al. 2000
- 印度梭菌 Clostridium indicum Gundawar et al. 2019
- Clostridium indolis McClung and McCoy 1957
- 无害梭菌 Clostridium innocuum Smith and King 1962，无害芽胞梭菌
- Clostridium intestinale corrig. Lee et al. 1989
- Clostridium intestinalis Lee et al. 1989
- Clostridium irregulare (Choukévitch 1911) Prévot 1938 ，也拼作：Clostridium irregularis
- Clostridium isatidis Padden et al. 1999
- 吉达梭菌 Clostridium jeddahense Lagier et al. 2016
- 济州梭菌 Clostridium jejuense Jeong et al. 2004
- Clostridium josui Sukhumavasi et al. 1988
- 克氏梭菌 Clostridium kluyveri Barker and Taha 1942
- Clostridium lactatifermentans van der Wielen et al. 2002
- Clostridium lacusfryxellense Spring et al. 2003
- Clostridium laramie Kalchayanand et al. 1993
- Clostridium laramiense corrig. Kalchayanand et al. 1993
- Clostridium lavalense Domingo et al. 2009
- Clostridium lentocellum Murray et al. 1987
- Clostridium lentoputrescens Hartsell and Rettger 1934
- Clostridium leptum Moore et al. 1976
- 泥渣梭菌 Clostridium limosum André 1948
- Clostridium liquoris Yin et al. 2016
- Clostridium litorale Fendrich et al. 1991
- Clostridium lituseburense (Laplanche and Saissac 1948) McClung and McCoy 1957
- Clostridium ljungdahlii Tanner et al. 1993
- Clostridium lortetii Oren 1984
- Clostridium lundense Cirne et al. 2006
- Clostridium luticellarii Wang et al. 2015
- Clostridium magnum Schink 1984
- Clostridium malenominatum (Weinberg et al. 1937) Spray 1948
- Clostridium mangenotii (Prévot and Zimmès-Chaverou 1947) McClung and McCoy 1957
- 最大梭菌 Clostridium maximum (Lindner 1888) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium mayombei Kane et al. 1992
- Clostridium merdae Ndongo et al. 2017[9]
- 食甲氧基苯甲酸梭菌 Clostridium methoxybenzovorans Mechichi et al. 1999
- Clostridium methylpentosum Himelbloom and Canale-Parola 1989
- Clostridium moniliforme (Repaci 1910) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium neonatale Bernard et al. 2018
- Clostridium neopropionicum Tholozan et al. 1995
- Clostridium neuense Zhao et al. 2017
- Clostridium nexile Holdeman and Moore 1974
- Clostridium nitritogenes (Prévot 1940) Bernard et al. 2018
- Clostridium nitrophenolicum Suresh et al. 2007
- 诺氏梭菌 Clostridium novyi (Migula 1900) Bergey et al. 1923，诺维氏梭菌，诺威氏梭状芽孢杆菌
- Clostridium oceanicum Smith 1970
- Clostridium omnivorum Ueki et al. 2024[10]
- Clostridium orbiscindens Winter et al. 1991
- Clostridium oroticum (Wachsman and Barker 1954) Cato et al. 1968
- Clostridium oryzae Horino et al. 2015
- Clostridium oxalicum Dehning and Schink 1990
- Clostridium pabulibutyricum Kobayashi et al. 2017
- Clostridium papyrosolvens Madden et al. 1982
- Clostridium paradoxum Li et al. 1993
- Clostridium paraperfringens Nakamura et al. 1970
- 类腐败梭菌 Clostridium paraputrificum (Bienstock 1906) Snyder 1936，副胞梭菌
- Clostridium pascui Wilde et al. 1997
- 巴氏梭菌 Clostridium pasteurianum Winogradsky 1895，巴氏芽孢梭菌
- Clostridium peptidivorans Mechichi et al. 2000
- Clostridium perenne (Prévot 1940) McClung and McCoy 1957
- 产气荚膜梭菌 Clostridium perfringens (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al. 1937
- Clostridium phytofermentans Warnick et al. 2002
- 毛状梭菌 Clostridium piliforme (ex Tyzzer 1917) Duncan et al. 1993
- Clostridium polyendosporum (Duda et al. 1996) Rainey et al. 2016
- 法属波利尼西亚梭菌 Clostridium polynesiense Sankar et al. 2023[11]
- Clostridium polysaccharolyticum (van Gylswyk 1981) van Gylswyk et al. 1983
- Clostridium populeti Sleat and Mah 1985
- Clostridium prolinivorans Huang et al. 2020
- Clostridium propionicum Cardon and Barker 1946
- Clostridium proteoclasticum Attwood et al. 1996
- Clostridium proteolyticum Jain and Zeikus 1988
- Clostridium psychrophilum Spring et al. 2003
- Clostridium punense Lanjekar et al. 2015
- Clostridium puniceum Lund et al. 1981
- Clostridium purinilyticum corrig. Dürre et al. 1981
- Clostridium purinolyticum Dürre et al. 1981
- Clostridium putrefaciens (McBryde 1911) Sturges and Drake 1927
- Clostridium putrificum (Trevisan 1889) Reddish and Rettger 1922
- Clostridium quercicolum Stankewich et al. 1971
- Clostridium quinii Svensson et al. 1995
- 拉氏梭菌 Clostridium ragsdalei ，拉格斯代尔梭菌
- 多枝梭菌 Clostridium ramosum (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Holdeman et al. 1971
- Clostridium rectum (Heller 1922) Holdeman and Moore 1972
- Clostridium roseum (ex McCoy and McClung 1935) Cato et al. 1988
- Clostridium saccharobutylicum Keis et al. 2001
- Clostridium saccharogumia Clavel et al. 2007
- Clostridium saccharolyticum Murray et al. 1982
- Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum Keis et al. 2001
- Clostridium sardiniense corrig. Prévot 1938
- Clostridium sardiniensis Prévot 1938
- Clostridium sartagoforme corrig. Partansky and Henry 1935
- Clostridium sartagoformum Partansky and Henry 1935
- Clostridium saudiense Angelakis et al. 2016，也拼作：Clostridium saudii
- Clostridium scatologenes (Weinberg and Ginsbourg 1927) Prévot 1948
- Clostridium schirmacherense Alam et al. 2006
- 闪烁梭菌 Clostridium scindens Morris et al. 1985
- 塞内加尔梭菌 Clostridium senegalense Mishra et al. 2015
- 败毒梭菌 Clostridium septicum (Macé 1889) Ford 1927
- 索氏梭菌 Clostridium sordellii (Hall and Scott 1927) Prévot 1938
- 楔形梭菌 Clostridium sphenoides (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium spiroforme Kaneuchi et al. 1979，为Thomasclavelia spiroformis (Kaneuchi et al. 1979) Lawson et al. 2023的异名
- 生孢梭菌 Clostridium sporogenes (Metchnikoff 1908) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium sporosphaeroides Soriano and Soriano 1948
- Clostridium stercorarium Madden 1983
- Clostridium sticklandii Stadtman and McClung 1957
- Clostridium straminisolvens Kato et al. 2004
- 近端梭菌 Clostridium subterminale (Hall and Whitehead 1927) Spray 1948
- Clostridium sufflavum Nishiyama et al. 2009
- Clostridium sulfidigenes Sallam and Steinbüchel 2009
- Clostridium swellfunianum Liu et al. 2015
- Clostridium symbiosum (Stevens 1956) Kaneuchi et al. 1976
- Clostridium tagluense Suetin et al. 2009
- Clostridium tarantellae (Udey et al. 1977) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium tepidiprofundi Slobodkina et al. 2008
- Clostridium tepidum Dobritsa et al. 2017
- Clostridium termitidis Hethener et al. 1992
- 第三梭菌 Clostridium tertium (Henry 1917) Bergey et al. 1923
- 破伤风梭菌 Clostridium tetani (Flügge 1886) Bergey et al. 1923，破伤风芽孢梭菌
- Clostridium tetanomorphum (ex Bulloch et al. 1919) Wilde et al. 1989
- Clostridium thermaceticum corrig. Fontaine et al. 1942
- Clostridium thermarum Liu et al. 2021
- Clostridium thermautotrophicum Wiegel et al. 1982
- 热醋酸梭菌 Clostridium thermoaceticum Fontaine et al. 1942
- 热嗜酸梭菌 Clostridium thermoacidophilus
- 热产气梭菌 Clostridium thermoaerogenes
- 嗜热碱梭菌 Clostridium thermoalcaliphilum Li et al. 1994
- Clostridium thermoautotrophicum Wiegel et al. 1982
- 热丁酸梭菌 Clostridium thermobutyricum Wiegel et al. 1989，丁酸梭菌
- 热介纤维素梭菌 Clostridium thermocellulaseum
- 热纤梭菌 Clostridium thermocellum Viljoen et al. 1926
- Clostridium thermocopriae Jin et al. 1988
- 温水硫磺梭菌 Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum Klaushofer and Parkkinen 1965
- 嗜热乳酸梭菌 Clostridium thermolacticum Le Ruyet et al. 1988，热乳梭菌
- 热棕榈梭菌 Clostridium thermopalmarium Soh et al. 1991，帕姆酒耐热梭菌
- Clostridium thermopapyrolyticum Méndez et al. 1991
- 嗜热梭菌 Clostridium thermophilum
- 热腐梭菌 Clostridium thermoputrificum
- 嗜热化糖梭状芽胞杆菌 Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum McClung 1935
- Clostridium thermosuccinogenes Drent et al. 1995
- Clostridium thermosulfurigenes corrig. Schink and Zeikus 1983
- Clostridium thermosulfurogenes Schink and Zeikus 1983
- Clostridium thiosulfatireducens Hernández-Eugenio et al. 2002
- 酪丁酸梭菌 Clostridium tyrobutyricum van Beynum and Pette 1935
- Clostridium uliginosum Matthies et al. 2001
- 乌尔蒂纳梭菌 Clostridium ultunense Schnürer et al. 1996
- Clostridium ventriculi (Goodsir 1842) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium villosum Love et al. 1979
- Clostridium vincentii Mountfort et al. 1997
- 绿梭菌 Clostridium viride Buckel et al. 1995
- Clostridium vulturis Paek et al. 2015
- 魏氏梭状芽孢杆菌 Clostridium welchii
- Clostridium xylanolyticum Rogers and Baecker 1991
- Clostridium xylanovorans Mechichi et al. 2000
参考文献
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