汞
原子序数为80的化学元素 / 维基百科，自由的 百科全书
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汞（拼音：gǒng，注音：ㄍㄨㄥˇ，粤拼：hung3），俗称水银，是一种化学元素，其化学符号为Hg，原子序数为80，原子量为7002200590000000000♠200.59 u。汞在元素周期表中位于d区，是密度大、室温下为液态的银白色过渡金属，具有轻微的挥发性，且性质与稀有气体类似。除了汞之外在常温下呈液态的稳定元素只有溴，而铯、镓和铷会在比室温稍高的温度下熔化。汞的熔点是−38.83 °C（−37.89 °F；234.32 K），沸点是356.73 °C（674.11 °F；629.88 K），是所有金属元素中液态温度范围最小的。
汞在全世界的矿产中都有产出，主要来自朱砂（硫化汞）。摄入或吸入的朱砂粉尘都是微毒的。汞中毒还能由接触可溶解于水的汞（例如氯化汞和甲基汞）引起，或是因吸入汞蒸气，食用被汞污染的海产品或吸食入汞化合物引起中毒。
汞可用于温度计、气压计、压力计、血压计、浮阀、水银开关和其他装置，但是汞的毒性导致汞温度计和血压计在医疗上正被逐步淘汰，取而代之的是使用酒精、镓铟锡合金等物质填充，或者是使用基于热电偶或压力传感器的温度计和血压计。汞仍被用于科学研究和补牙的汞合金材料。汞也被用于发光。荧光灯中的电流通过汞蒸气产生波长很短的紫外线，紫外线使荧光体发出荧光，从而产生可见光。