烫发

烫发（英语：Perm、permanent wave），是指将头发由直发变为卷发，使头发变成不同的卷曲度。市面上有许多烫发药水能令头发创造出卷纹的效果，一些带有氨基酸及含角质蛋白的药水便能使秀发得到曲线美感外，亦会保持头发原有的水分以及光泽。早期的烫发是埃及使用碱性泥土结合树枝当卷棒而成，但结论是效果并不持久。

First Prize won at the Hairdressing Fashion Show London, 1935, using an Icall permanent-waving machine. The hair is shorter even than in the '20s and curls/waves are restricted to the back and sides, revealing the ears and neck. The colours were achieved by adding pigments to the setting lotion

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