特发性间质性肺炎

特发性间质肺炎（Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia，简称IIP），又称非感染性肺炎（noninfectious pneumonia）^[1]，属于一种间质性肺病。该疾病通常侵袭肺间质，有些也会侵袭气道（例如Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis（英语：Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis）），IIP可分为七个亚型。

特发性间质性肺炎 Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
Micrograph of usual interstitial pneumonia（英语：usual interstitial pneumonia） (UIP). UIP is the most common pattern of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and usually represents 特发性肺纤维化. 苏木精-伊红染色. 验尸 specimen.
症状	肺炎
类型	肺炎、间质性肺病、特发性、疾病
分类和外部资源
医学专科	胸腔医学
ICD-11	CB03
Orphanet	98300

组织学分类

IIP的分类相当复杂^[2]，须结合临床观察（英语：clinician）、影像学，以及病理学^[3][4]才能确诊。

特发性（英语：Idiopathic）间质性肺炎可由组织学型态分为下列数种^[5][6]：

组织学	临床相关意义
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia（英语：Desquamative interstitial pneumonia） (DIP)	DIP
Diffuse alveolar damage（英语：Diffuse alveolar damage） (DAD)	急性呼吸窘迫症候群、急性间质性肺炎、输血相关急性肺损伤
非特异性间质性肺炎（NSIP）	NSIP
Respiratory bronchiolitis（英语：Respiratory bronchiolitis）	呼吸性细支气管相关之间质性肺病（英语：Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease）（RB-ILD）
寻常性间质性肺炎（英语：Usual interstitial pneumonia） (UIP)	自体免疫性疾病、特发性肺纤维化、致死量、肺尘病
Organizing pneumonia（英语：Organizing pneumonia）	隐源性机化性肺炎（英语：Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia）
淋巴样间质性肺炎（英语：Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia） (LIP)	LIP

其中寻常性间质性肺炎为最常见的一种亚型^[7]。

发育

Table 1: Development of the (histologic) idiopathic interstitial pneumonia classification

Leibow et al. (1969)

Katzenstein (1998)[8]

ATS/ERS (2002)[6]

UIP（英语：usual interstitial pneumonia）

UIP

UIP

DAD

DAD

NSIP

NSIP

DIP

DIP/RB

DIP

RB

BIP

OP

OP（英语：cryptogenic organizing pneumonia）

LIP

(LPD（英语：lymphoproliferative disease）)

LIP

GIP

(HMF)

(HMF)

UIP=usual interstitial pneumonia; DAD=diffuse alveolar damage; NSIP=non-specific interstitial pneumonia; DIP=desquamative interstitial pneumonia; RB=respiratory bronchiolitis; BIP=bronchiolitis obliterans interstitial pneumonia; OP=organizing pneumonia; LIP=lymphoid interstitial pneumonia; LPD=lymphoproliferative disease（英语：lymphoproliferative disease） (not considered a diffuse lung disease); GIP=giant cell interstitial pneumonia; HMF=heavy metal fibrosis, no longer grouped with diffuse lung disease

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia was originally included in this category, then excluded, then included again.^[9]

参考文献

1. Clinical infectious diseases : a practical approach. New York, NY [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. 1999: 833 [2016-05-15]. ISBN 978-0-19-508103-9. （原始内容存档于2014-06-26）. Authors list列表中的|first1=缺少|last1= (帮助)
2. Nicholson AG. Classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: making sense of the alphabet soup. Histopathology. November 2002, 41 (5): 381–91. PMID 12405906. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01421.x.
3. Flaherty KR, King TE, Raghu G, et al. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: what is the effect of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. October 2004, 170 (8): 904–10. PMID 15256390. doi:10.1164/rccm.200402-147OC.
4. Kim DS, Collard HR, King TE. Classification and natural history of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Proc Am Thorac Soc. June 2006, 3 (4): 285–92. PMC 2658683 . PMID 16738191. doi:10.1513/pats.200601-005TK.
5. Leslie KO, Wick MR. Practical Pulmonary Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach. Elsevier Inc. 2005. ISBN 978-0-443-06631-3.
6. American Thoracic, Society; European Respiratory, Society. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. January 2002, 165 (2): 277–304. PMID 11790668. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.165.2.ats01.
7. Visscher DW, Myers JL. Histologic spectrum of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Proc Am Thorac Soc. June 2006, 3 (4): 322–9 [2016-05-15]. PMID 16738196. doi:10.1513/pats.200602-019TK. （原始内容存档于2019-12-11）.
8. Katzenstein AL, Myers JL. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: clinical relevance of pathologic classification. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998, 157 (4 Pt 1): 1301–15. PMID 9563754. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.4.9707039.
9. Swigris JJ, Berry GJ, Raffin TA, Kuschner WG. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia: a narrative review. Chest. December 2002, 122 (6): 2150–64. PMID 12475860. doi:10.1378/chest.122.6.2150.