腺苷脱氨酶

腺苷脱氨酶（英语：Adenosine deaminase）的是一种参与嘌呤代谢作用的酶。它是用作拆解食物组织中的核酸中的腺苷。在人体中，它主要参与了免疫细胞的制造。若该酶突变，会造成T细胞、B细胞及自然杀手细胞皆无法表现的严重复合型免疫缺乏症(SCID)。

腺苷脱氨酶
牛腺苷脱氨酶的丝带图。可见中央的锌离子。来自PDB 1VFL
有效结构 PDB 直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查询代码列表 1M7M, 3IAR
标识
代号	ADA;
扩展标识	遗传学：608958 鼠基因：87916 同源基因：37249 GeneCards: ADA Gene
EC编号	3.5.4.4
基因本体论描述 分子功能 · purine nucleoside binding · adenosine deaminase activity · adenosine deaminase activity · adenosine deaminase activity · protein binding · zinc ion binding · zinc ion binding · hydrolase activity · metal ion binding 细胞成分 · extracellular space · cytoplasm · lysosome · cytosol · plasma membrane · external side of plasma membrane · cell surface · membrane · cell junction · cytoplasmic vesicle · dendrite cytoplasm · neuronal cell body · cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen 生物过程 · response to hypoxia · in utero embryonic development · trophectodermal cell differentiation · liver development · placenta development · germinal center B cell differentiation · positive regulation of germinal center formation · negative regulation of leukocyte migration · negative regulation of mature B cell apoptosis · purine base metabolic process · adenosine catabolic process · adenosine catabolic process · deoxyadenosine catabolic process · cell adhesion · aging · nucleotide metabolic process · purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process · positive regulation of heart rate · positive regulation of B cell proliferation · purine nucleotide salvage · positive regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus · regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin · T cell activation · response to hydrogen peroxide · negative regulation of apoptosis · purine-containing compound salvage · regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep · positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction · dATP catabolic process · hypoxanthine biosynthetic process · inosine biosynthetic process · inosine biosynthetic process · xanthine biosynthetic process · positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation · lung alveolus development · Peyer's patch development · embryonic digestive tract development · negative regulation of inflammatory response · positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling · positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway · nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process · negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway · negative regulation of penile erection · negative regulation of thymocyte apoptosis · negative regulation of mucus secretion Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
更多表达数据
直系同源体
物种	人类	小鼠
Entrez	100	11486
Ensembl	ENSG00000196839	ENSMUSG00000017697
UniProt	P00813	Q4FJZ7
mRNA序列	NM_000022.2	NM_007398.3
蛋白序列	NP_000013.2	NP_031424.1
基因位置	Chr 20: 43.25 – 43.28 Mb	Chr 2: 163.55 – 163.58 Mb
PubMed查询	[1]	[2]
查 论 编

Adenosine/AMP deaminase
crystal structure of plasmodium yoelii adenosine deaminase (py02076)
鉴定
标志	A_deaminase
Pfam	PF00962（旧版）
Pfam宗系	CL0034（旧版）
InterPro（英语：InterPro）	IPR001365
PROSITE（英语：PROSITE）	PDOC00419
SCOP（英语：Structural Classification of Proteins）	1add / SUPFAM
现有可用的蛋白结构： Pfam 结构（旧版） / ECOD PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum（英语：PDBsum） 结构概要

Adenosine deaminase (editase) domain
鉴定
标志	A_deamin
Pfam	PF02137（旧版）
InterPro（英语：InterPro）	IPR002466
PROSITE（英语：PROSITE）	PDOC00419
SCOP（英语：Structural Classification of Proteins）	1add / SUPFAM
现有可用的蛋白结构： Pfam 结构（旧版） / ECOD PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum（英语：PDBsum） 结构概要

Adenosine/AMP deaminase N-terminal
鉴定
标志	A_deaminase_N
Pfam	PF08451（旧版）
InterPro（英语：InterPro）	IPR013659
现有可用的蛋白结构： Pfam 结构（旧版） / ECOD PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum（英语：PDBsum） 结构概要

反应

腺苷脱氨酶对腺苷进行不可逆转的脱氨作用，转化腺苷为相关的核苷肌苷，移除氨基酸组。

病理学

腺苷脱氨酶的突变基因使之不容易被表达，这是一些严重复合型免疫缺乏症(SCID)的原因。基因突变令ADA被过度产生是溶血性贫血原因之一。有一些证据表明，一个不同的等位基因(ADA2)可能会导致自闭症。

ADA活性异常与多种疾病相关，如当人体发生结核杆菌侵袭时，人体主要启动细胞免疫，T淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞被分枝杆菌激活可引起ADA的活性增强，且间皮细胞吞噬分枝杆菌后产生的特异性细胞因子亦诱导ADA的活性增强。

参考文献

深入阅读

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