酷儿

酷儿（英语：Queer）是一个伞式术语，是对所有性取向非异性恋以及性别认同非二元性别或非顺性别的人的统称。这个词最初的意思是“奇怪的”或“奇特的”，在19世纪后期，酷儿开始被用来贬低那些有同性欲望或关系的人。从 1980 年代后期开始，酷儿活动家，例如酷儿国度（英语：Queer Nation）的成员，开始重新使用这个词作为对LGBT社区更同化分支的故意挑衅和政治激进的替代品^[1]^[2]。

在21世纪，酷儿越来越多地用于描述广泛的非规范性和性别认同以及政治^[3]。酷儿理论和酷儿研究等学术领域普遍反对性别二元论、性别规范性和对交叉性的意识缺失。酷儿艺术、酷儿文化团体和酷儿政治团体是酷儿身份现代表达的例子。

使用该术语的批评者包括LGBT社区的成员，他们更多地将这个术语与其口语化的贬义用法联系在一起^[4]，希望与酷儿激进主义分离的人^[5]，以及将其视为无定形和时尚的人^[6]。酷儿有时会扩展到包括任何非规范性行为，包括顺性别酷儿异性恋，尽管有些人认为这种使用是挪用^[7]。

参考文献

[1]
Queer Nation. Queers Read This. June 1990 [2021-06-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-17）.
[2]
Sycamore, Mattilda Bernstein. That's Revolting!: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation illustrated, revised. Counterpoint Press. 2008: 1 [11 March 2015]. ISBN 9781593761950. Willful participation in U.S. imperialism is crucial to the larger goal of assimilation, as the holy trinity of marriage, military service and adoption has become the central preoccupation of a gay movement centered more on obtaining straight privilege than challenging power^{[失效链接]}
[3]
queer. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2014.
[4]
Wisegeek, "Is Queer a Derogatory Word?" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Retrieved 29 January 2014.
[5]
Gamson, Joshua. Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma. Social Problems. August 1995, 42 (3): 390–407. doi:10.1525/sp.1995.42.3.03x0104z.
[6]
Phillip Ayoub; David Paternotte. LGBT Activism and the Making of Europe: A Rainbow Europe?. Palgrave Macmillan. 28 October 2014: 137–138 [2021-06-29]. ISBN 978-1-137-39177-3. （原始内容存档于2022-05-16）.
[7]
Mortimer, Dora. Can Straight People Be Queer? - An increasing number of young celebrities are labeling themselves 'queer.' But what does this mean for the queer community?. Vice Media. 9 Feb 2016 [2018-12-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-15）.

外部链接

酷儿花园（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
台湾酷儿权益推动联盟（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

参见

[QN1-1] [1]
Queer Nation. Queers Read This. June 1990 [2021-06-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-17）.

[Sycamore-2] [2]
Sycamore, Mattilda Bernstein. That's Revolting!: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation illustrated, revised. Counterpoint Press. 2008: 1 [11 March 2015]. ISBN 9781593761950. Willful participation in U.S. imperialism is crucial to the larger goal of assimilation, as the holy trinity of marriage, military service and adoption has become the central preoccupation of a gay movement centered more on obtaining straight privilege than challenging power^{[失效链接]}

[oed-3] [3]
queer. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2014.

[WG-4] [4]
Wisegeek, "Is Queer a Derogatory Word?" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Retrieved 29 January 2014.

[Gamson-5] [5]
Gamson, Joshua. Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma. Social Problems. August 1995, 42 (3): 390–407. doi:10.1525/sp.1995.42.3.03x0104z.

[AyoubPaternotte2014-6] [6]
Phillip Ayoub; David Paternotte. LGBT Activism and the Making of Europe: A Rainbow Europe?. Palgrave Macmillan. 28 October 2014: 137–138 [2021-06-29]. ISBN 978-1-137-39177-3. （原始内容存档于2022-05-16）.

[appropriation-7] [7]
Mortimer, Dora. Can Straight People Be Queer? - An increasing number of young celebrities are labeling themselves 'queer.' But what does this mean for the queer community?. Vice Media. 9 Feb 2016 [2018-12-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-15）.

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