有人提出,“Afrigh”是阿拉伯化的波斯语“Abriz”(آبریز “Abriz”是水流之处,指的是花剌子模的地理环境,以及其丰富的水域)。然而,帕尔维兹·阿兹凯(Parviz Azkai)博士在他对比鲁尼的《古代民族编年史(英语:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries)》(Chronology of Ancient Nations,或原文书名直译成英文The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries)中注释所解释的,这名词是种流行的词源。阿兹凯说,Afrigh的原字是Ap-Air-ig,意思是雅利安人的后裔:ap(或af)与“afrashtan”(波斯语:افراشتن)中的涵义相同,有抚育的意思(to raise);air是Aryan的字根,Iraj和Eran/Iran(雅利安的土地,land of Aryan)相同;-ig是伊朗语言中的关系字字尾,与英语中的“-ic”或法语中的“-ique”属于相同词源。
王国
花剌子模一直由古老家族阿夫理格(Afrighids of Kath)统治,首都设在白露倪(英语:Beruniy)(亦称凯特(Kath)),直到公元995年。地理上位于阿姆河下游灌溉良好且农产丰富的之地。四周被草原和沙漠所包围,在地理上与其他文明地区隔绝。这种隔离使它得以保有独特的伊朗语言和文化。[3]花剌子模是早期发展出伊朗文明的地区之一,当地出生的历史学者比鲁尼说花剌子模的文明可追溯到公元前一千年之前。在公元8世纪之前,曾有阿拉伯人从大呼罗珊和河中地区发动过对花剌子模边缘少数的攻击,但效果不大。但到公元712年,屈底波·伊本·穆斯林得以介入阿夫理格王朝国王和他的兄弟Khorrazad之间的内战。比鲁尼指出,前后共两次的阿拉伯人入侵造成巨大的破坏。一旦阿拉伯人撤出后,阿夫理格王朝又重新恢复统治,根据比鲁尼的说法,他们继续坚守其祖传信仰就是祆教。为抵抗阿拉伯人,当地的国王继续与附近的的伊朗人小国君主、粟特商人,甚至是突厥人,以及中国人结盟。[1]
C.E. Bosworth, "The Ghaznavids" in History of Civilization: Central Asia in History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume IV: The Age of Achievement : A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century : Part One : The Historical Social and Economic Setting/edited by M.S. Asimov and C.E. Bosworth. Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, 1999, 485 pages. (Vol. IV, Pt. I). ISBN81-208-1595-5. Excerpt from page 101: "The ancient Iranian kingdom of Khwarazm had been ruled until 995 by the old established line of Afrighids of Kath, but control subsequently passed to the new line of Khwarazm Shahs, the Ma'munids of Gurganj"
L. Massignon, "Al-Biruni et la valeur internationale de la science arabe" in Al-Biruni Commemoration Volume, (Calcutta, 1951). pp 217-219. excerpt: In a celebrated preface to the book of Drugs, Biruni says: It is through the Arabic language that the sciences have been transmitted by means of translations from all parts of the world. They have been enhanced by the translation into the Arabic language and have as a result insinuated themselves into men's hearts, and the beauty of this language has commingled with these sciences in our veins and arteries. And if it is true that in all nations one likes to adorn oneself by using the language to which one has remained loyal, having become accustomed to using it with friends and companions according to need, I must judge for myself that in my nativeKhwarezmian, science has as much as chance of becoming perpetuated as a camel has of facing Kaaba.
Nerazik, E. E.; Bulgakov, P. G. Litvinsky, B. A. , 编. Khwarizm. History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Volume III: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750 (Paris: UNESCO Publishing). 1996: 207-231 [207, 224] [9 May 2021]. ISBN 978-92-3-103211-0. (原始内容存档于2022-04-08).
进一步阅读
Khwarezm in Encyclopædia Iranica by Yuri Aleksandrovich Rapoport [1]
Albiruni. The Chronology Of Ancient Nations, trans.Edward Sachau. London: Elibron Classics, 2005.
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