二氧化碳性质表
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基本讯息
结构与性质
结构与性质 | |
---|---|
折射率, nD | 1.000449 at 589.3 nm and 0 °C [1] |
介电常数, εr | 1.60 ε0(0 °C, 50 atm) |
C=O键平均键能 | 804.4 kJ/mol at 298 K(25 °C)[2] |
键长 | C=O 116 pm (1.16 Å) [来源请求] |
键角 | O-C-O: 180° |
磁化率 | ? |
表面张力 | 4.34 dyn/cm(20 °C,平衡压力) |
平衡压力下的液体黏度[3] | 0.0925 mPa·s at 5 °C 0.0852 mPa·s at 10 °C 0.0712 mPa·s at 20 °C 0.0625 mPa·s at 25 °C 0.0321 mPa·s at 31.1 °C |
热力学性质
相性质 | |
---|---|
三相点 | 216.58 K(−56.57 °C), 518.5 kPa |
临界点 | 304.18 K(31.03 °C), 7.38 MPa |
标准熔化焓变, ΔfusH |
8.647 kJ/mol(三相点)[4] |
标准熔化熵变, ΔfusS |
? J/(mol·K) |
标准汽化焓变,[5] ΔvapH |
15.326 kJ/mol at 215.7 K(−57.5 °C) |
标准汽化熵变, ΔvapS |
70.8 J/(mol·K) |
固体性质 | |
标准摩尔生成焓, ΔfH |
-427.4 kJ/mol |
标准摩尔熵,[6] S |
51.07 J/(mol·K) |
热容量,[6] cp | 2.534 J/(mol·K) at 15.52 K(−257.63 °C) 47.11 J/(mol·K) at 146.48 K(−126.67 °C) 54.55 J/(mol·K) at 189.78 K(−83.37 °C) |
液体性质 | |
标准摩尔生成焓, ΔfH |
? kJ/mol |
标准摩尔熵, S |
? J/(mol K) |
热容量, cp | ? J/(mol·K) |
导热系数[7] | 31.0×10-5 cal/cm·s·°C(-20°C) 25.4×10-5 cal/cm·s·°C(0°C) 19.7×10-5 cal/cm·s·°C(20°C) |
蒸汽压[7] | 19.449 atm(-20°C) 34.397 atm(0°C) 56.525 atm(20°C)71.166(30°C) |
溶液性质 | |
亨利常数[8] | 条件:298 K [bmim][PF6] 53.4±0.3, [bmim][BF4] 59.0±2.6, [bmim][Tf2N] 33.0±0.3, [hmim][Tf2N] 31.6±0.2, 条件:333 K [hmim][eFAP] 42.0±0.1, [Et3NBH2mim][Tf2N] 113.1±16.9 |
气体性质 | |
标准摩尔生成焓, ΔfH |
−393.52 kJ/mol |
标准摩尔熵, S |
213.79 J/(mol·K) |
热容量,[9] cp | 33.89 J/(mol K) at –75 °C 36.33 J/(mol K) at 0 °C 36.61 J/(mol K) at 15 °C 38.01 J/(mol K) at 100 °C 43.81 J/(mol K) at 400 °C 50.87 J/(mol K) at 1000 °C 56.91 J/(mol K) at 2000 °C 53.01 J/(mol K) at 38 °C, 2457 kPa 60.01 J/(mol K) at 38 °C, 5482 kPa 183.1 J/(mol K) at 38 °C, 8653 kPa |
绝热指数[9] γ = cp/cv |
1.37 at –75 °C 1.310 at 0 °C 1.304 at 15 °C 1.281 at 100 °C 1.235 at 400 °C 1.195 at 1000 °C 1.171 at 2000 °C |
范德华常数[10] | a = 363.96 L2 kPa/mol2 b = 0.04267 liter per mole |
与一氧化碳的化学平衡[11] CO + ½O 2 → CO 2 K = pK = log10 K |
pK = 45.0438 at T = 298.16 K pK = 25.0054 at T = 500 K pK = 16.5383 at T = 700 K pK = 11.8409 at T = 900 K pK = 8.8583 at T = 1100 K pK = 6.7989 at T = 1300 K pK = 5.2943 at T = 1500 K |
溶解度
CO2在101.3 kPa (1 atm)分压下水中的溶解度[12] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- ‡Second column of table indicates solubility at each given temperature in volume of CO2 as it would be measured at 101.3 kPa and 0 °C per volume of water.
- The solubility is given for "pure water", i.e., water which contain only CO2. This water is going to be acidic. For example, at 25 °C the pH of 3.9 is expected (see carbonic acid). At less acidic pH values, the solubility will increase because of the pH-dependent speciation of CO2.
固态和气态时的蒸汽压
P(mm Hg) | 1 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 760 | 1520 | 3800 | 7600 | 15200 | 30400 | 45600 | |
P(atm) (2sf,换算自mm Hg) | 0.0013 | 0.013 | 0.053 | 0.13 | 0.53 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 60 | |
P(kPa)(换算自mm Hg / atm) | 0.13 | 1.3 | 5.3 | 13 | 53 | 101.325 | 202.65 | 506.625 | 1013.25 | 2026.5 | 4053 | 6079.5 | |
T(°C) | –134.3(s) | –119.5(s) | –108.6(s) | –100.2(s) | –85.7(s) | –78.2(s) | –69.1(s) | –56.7 | –39.5 | –18.9 | 5.9 | 22.4 |
表格数据来自《CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics》第44版。注释中的“(s)”表示固体上方蒸气的平衡温度。其余温度均为液体上方蒸汽的平衡温度。对于kPa数值,给出了精确值,其他地方的2个有效数字计算自mmHg数值。

相图
液相/气相平衡热力学数据
下表列出了液相CO2在不同温度下与气相平衡的热力学数据。焓、汽化热和熵是相对于0 °C、3483 kPa的数值。热量值至J/mol需要乘以44.095 g/mol。将密度换算为mol/L需要乘以22.678 cm3-mol/L-g。数据来自《CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics》(第44版),pp. 2560-2561。临界温度曲线(31.1 °C)与温度–30 °C来自《Lange's Handbook of Chemistry》(第10版),pp. 1463。
二氧化碳液-气平衡热力学数据 | ||||||||
温度 °C |
Pvap 蒸汽压 kPa |
Hliq 液体 焓 J/g |
Hvap 蒸气 焓 J/g |
ΔvapH 汽化 热 J/g |
ρvap 蒸气 密度 g/cm3 |
ρliq 液体 密度 g/cm3 |
Sliq 液体 熵 J/mol-°C |
Svap 蒸气 熵 J/mol-°C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
–56.6 | 518.3 | 1.179 | ||||||
–56.0 | 531.8 | 1.177 | ||||||
–54.0 | 579.1 | 1.169 | ||||||
–52.0 | 629.6 | 1.162 | ||||||
–50.0 | 683.4 | 1.155 | ||||||
–48.0 | 740.6 | 1.147 | ||||||
–46.0 | 801.3 | 1.139 | ||||||
–44.0 | 865.6 | 1.131 | ||||||
–42.0 | 933.8 | 1.124 | ||||||
–40.0 | 1005.7 | 1.116 | ||||||
–38.0 | 1081.9 | 1.108 | ||||||
–36.0 | 1161.8 | 1.100 | ||||||
–34.0 | 1246.2 | 1.092 | ||||||
–32.0 | 1335.1 | 1.084 | ||||||
-30.0 | 1428.6 | 1.075 | ||||||
–28.89 | 1521 | –55.69 | 237.1 | 292.9 | 0.03846 | 1.0306 | –9.48 | 43.41 |
–27.78 | 1575 | –53.76 | 237.3 | 291.0 | 0.03987 | 1.0276 | –9.13 | 43.21 |
–26.67 | 1630 | –51.84 | 237.6 | 289.4 | 0.04133 | 1.0242 | –8.78 | 43.01 |
–25.56 | 1686 | –49.87 | 237.6 | 287.5 | 0.04283 | 1.0209 | –8.45 | 42.78 |
–24.44 | 1744 | –47.91 | 237.8 | 285.7 | 0.04440 | 1.0170 | –8.10 | 42.56 |
–23.33 | 1804 | –45.94 | 237.8 | 283.6 | 0.04600 | 1.0132 | –7.75 | 42.36 |
–22.22 | 1866 | –43.93 | 237.8 | 281.7 | 0.04767 | 1.0093 | –7.40 | 42.14 |
–21.11 | 1928 | –41.92 | 237.8 | 279.6 | 0.04938 | 1.0053 | –7.05 | 41.94 |
–20.00 | 1993 | –39.91 | 237.8 | 277.8 | 0.05116 | 1.0011 | –6.68 | 41.71 |
–18.89 | 2059 | –37.86 | 237.8 | 275.7 | 0.05300 | 0.9968 | –6.31 | 41.49 |
–17.78 | 2114 | –35.82 | 237.6 | 273.6 | 0.05489 | 0.9923 | –5.98 | 41.27 |
–16.67 | 2197 | –33.73 | 237.6 | 271.2 | 0.05686 | 0.9875 | –5.61 | 41.05 |
–15.56 | 2269 | –31.64 | 237.3 | 269.2 | 0.05888 | 0.9829 | –5.26 | 40.83 |
–14.44 | 2343 | –29.54 | 237.3 | 266.9 | 0.06098 | 0.9782 | –4.91 | 40.61 |
–13.33 | 2418 | –27.41 | 237.1 | 264.5 | 0.06314 | 0.9734 | –4.54 | 40.39 |
–12.22 | 2495 | –25.27 | 236.9 | 262.2 | 0.06539 | 0.9665 | –4.17 | 40.15 |
–11.11 | 2574 | –23.09 | 236.7 | 259.7 | 0.06771 | 0.9639 | –3.80 | 39.92 |
–10.00 | 2654 | –20.90 | 236.4 | 257.3 | 0.07011 | 0.9592 | –3.43 | 39.68 |
–8.89 | 2738 | –18.69 | 235.9 | 254.8 | 0.07259 | 0.9543 | –3.06 | 39.46 |
–7.78 | 2823 | –16.45 | 235.7 | 252.2 | 0.07516 | 0.9494 | –2.69 | 39.22 |
–6.67 | 2910 | –14.18 | 235.2 | 249.4 | 0.07783 | 0.9443 | –2.32 | 38.98 |
–5.56 | 2999 | –11.90 | 234.8 | 246.6 | 0.08059 | 0.9393 | –1.94 | 38.74 |
–4.44 | 3090 | –9.977 | 234.3 | 243.8 | 0.08347 | 0.9340 | –1.57 | 38.50 |
–3.89 | 3136 | –8.410 | 234.1 | 242.4 | 0.08494 | 0.9313 | –1.37 | 38.37 |
–2.78 | 3230 | –6.046 | 233.6 | 239.7 | 0.08797 | 0.9260 | –0.98 | 38.12 |
–1.67 | 3327 | –3.648 | 232.9 | 236.6 | 0.09111 | 0.9206 | –0.59 | 37.88 |
–0.56 | 3425 | –1.222 | 232.4 | 233.6 | 0.09438 | 0.9150 | –0.20 | 37.62 |
0.56 | 3526 | 1.234 | 231.7 | 230.5 | 0.09776 | 0.9094 | 0.20 | 37.36 |
1.67 | 3629 | 3.728 | 231.0 | 227.3 | 0.1013 | 0.9036 | 0.61 | 37.08 |
2.78 | 3735 | 6.268 | 230.4 | 224.0 | 0.1050 | 0.8975 | 1.01 | 36.83 |
3.89 | 3843 | 8.445 | 229.4 | 220.5 | 0.1088 | 0.8914 | 1.42 | 36.55 |
5.00 | 3953 | 11.46 | 228.5 | 217.0 | 0.1128 | 0.8850 | 1.83 | 36.25 |
6.11 | 4067 | 14.13 | 227.6 | 213.4 | 0.1169 | 0.8784 | 2.25 | 35.98 |
7.22 | 4182 | 16.85 | 226.5 | 209.7 | 0.1213 | 0.8716 | 2.69 | 35.68 |
8.33 | 4300 | 19.63 | 225.4 | 205.8 | 0.1258 | 0.8645 | 3.12 | 35.39 |
9.44 | 4420 | 22.46 | 224.3 | 201.8 | 0.1306 | 0.8571 | 3.56 | 35.07 |
10.56 | 4544 | 25.36 | 223.1 | 197.7 | 0.1355 | 0.8496 | 4.02 | 34.76 |
11.67 | 4670 | 28.33 | 221.8 | 193.4 | 0.1408 | 0.8418 | 4.48 | 34.45 |
12.78 | 4798 | 31.35 | 220.3 | 188.9 | 0.1463 | 0.8338 | 4.94 | 34.11 |
13.89 | 4929 | 34.49 | 218.8 | 184.3 | 0.1521 | 0.8254 | 5.42 | 33.76 |
15.00 | 5063 | 37.30 | 217.2 | 179.5 | 0.1583 | 0.8168 | 5.92 | 33.41 |
16.11 | 5200 | 41.03 | 215.1 | 174.4 | 0.1648 | 0.8076 | 6.42 | 33.02 |
17.22 | 5340 | 44.48 | 213.6 | 169.1 | 0.1717 | 0.7977 | 6.96 | 32.66 |
18.33 | 5482 | 48.03 | 211.5 | 163.5 | 0.1791 | 0.7871 | 7.49 | 32.25 |
19.44 | 5628 | 51.71 | 209.4 | 157.6 | 0.1869 | 0.7759 | 8.04 | 31.83 |
20.56 | 5776 | 55.61 | 207.0 | 151.4 | 0.1956 | 0.7639 | 8.63 | 31.38 |
21.67 | 5928 | 59.66 | 204.3 | 144.7 | 0.2054 | 0.7508 | 9.24 | 30.90 |
22.78 | 6083 | 63.97 | 201.5 | 137.5 | 0.2151 | 0.7367 | 9.89 | 30.39 |
23.89 | 6240 | 68.58 | 198.4 | 129.8 | 0.2263 | 0.7216 | 10.57 | 29.85 |
25.00 | 6401 | 73.51 | 194.8 | 121.3 | 0.2387 | 0.7058 | 11.31 | 29.24 |
26.11 | 6565 | 78.91 | 190.7 | 111.8 | 0.2532 | 0.6894 | 12.10 | 28.60 |
27.22 | 6733 | 84.94 | 186.0 | 101.1 | 0.2707 | 0.6720 | 12.99 | 27.84 |
28.33 | 6902 | 91.88 | 180.4 | 88.49 | 0.2923 | 0.6507 | 14.00 | 26.95 |
29.44 | 7081 | 100.4 | 173.1 | 72.72 | 0.3204 | 0.6209 | 15.24 | 25.85 |
30.00 | 7164 | 105.6 | 168.4 | 62.76 | 0.3378 | 0.5992 | 16.01 | 25.15 |
30.56 | 7253 | 112.3 | 162.3 | 50.04 | 0.3581 | 0.5661 | 16.99 | 24.24 |
31.1 | 7391 | 0.00 | 0.4641 | 0.4641 | ||||
温度 °C |
Pvap 蒸汽压 kPa |
Hliq 液体 焓 J/g |
Hvap 蒸气 焓 J/g |
ΔvapH 汽化 热 J/g |
ρvap 蒸气 密度 g/cm3 |
ρliq 液体 密度 g/cm3 |
Sliq 液体 熵 J/mol-°C |
Svap 蒸气 熵 J/mol-°C |
谱图数据
化学反应方程式
反应物 | 反应方程式 | 反应条件 |
---|---|---|
水 | CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 | 常温、常压 |
氧化物 | CO2 + CaO = CaCO3 CO2 + BaO = BaCO3 |
|
氢氧化物 | CO2 + 2 NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O CO2 + 2 KOH = K2CO3 + H2O |
固体或溶液 |
碳酸盐 | CO2 + H2O + Na2CO3 → 2 NaHCO3 CO2 + H2O + K2CO3 → 2 KHCO3 CO2 + H2O + Cs2CO3 → 2 CsHCO3 CO2 + H2O + CaCO3 ⇌ Ca(HCO3)2 |
溶液 |
铜、氧气 | 2 Cu + O2 + CO2 + H2O → Cu2(OH)2CO3(水合物) | 潮湿空气 |
氨 | CO2 + 2 NH3 → NH2COONH4 | 干燥反应 |
CO2 + 2 NH3 + H2O → (NH4)2CO3[14] | 溶液 | |
碳 | CO2 + C ⇌ 2 CO | 高温 |
镁 | CO2 + 2 Mg → 2 MgO + C | 点燃 |
金属有机化合物 | RMgX + CO2 → RCOOH | |
苯酚钠 | PhONa + CO2 → Ph(OH)COONa |
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注释
参考文献
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