英语不规则动词

本条目包含了英语中常用的不规则动词。完整的不规则动词表可参见英语不规则动词列表。

英语中有大约 200 个不规则动词（英语：Regular and irregular verbs），如果把前缀派生词也计算在内的话，则会更多。在大多数情况下，不规则动词的不规则性体现在过去式和过去分词上。

通常来说，不规则动词的第三人称单数和现在分词的屈折变化（分别是加 -[e]s 或 -ing 后缀）是规则的，但也有一些例外：如动词 be, have, do, go, say 等。有些情态动词则没有部分屈折形态。

英语中的不规则动词包含了日常生活中最常用的动词。英语中的新词（如外来词）往往遵循一般的屈折变化，除非它们的词根是一个不规则动词（如 housesit 遵循和 sit 一样的不规则屈折变化）。

现代英语中的大部分的不规则动词由日耳曼语强变化动词派生而来，这些动词往往通过元音变换来体现屈折形式，比如现代英语中 sing-sang-sung。相对的，规则动词在词尾加 -ed 的屈折变化，则是来源于日耳曼语弱变化动词在词尾加齿音（-t 或 -d）的习惯。^[1]

有关动词英语中规则动词变位的信息，可参见英语动词条目。

列表

本列表包含185个现代英语中常用的不规则动词。罕用、仅在方言中使用、现今不再使用、透过给基础动词加上前缀形成的动词（如 unbend、 understand,、mistak等，收录在第二个表格中）不包含在内。不收录非限定动词（如 clad, sodden 等）

以下列表中，加底线的变体代表其为较少使用的变体。

过去式/过去分词不规则 – 第一表

• B
• be (am、is、are) – was (were) – been
• bear – bore – borne/bore
• beat – beat – beaten
• begin – began – begun
• bend – bent – bent
• bet – bet – bet
• bid – bade/bid – bidden/bid
• bide – bided/bode – bided
• bind – bound – bound
• bite – bit – bitten
• bleed – bled – bled
• blend – blended/blent – blended/blent
• blow – blew – blown
• bless – blest/blessed – blest/blessed
• break – broke – broken
• breed – bred – bred
• bring – brought – brought
• build – built – built
• burn – burnt/burned – burnt/burned
• burst – burst – burst
• buy – bought – bought
• C
• can – could/canned– canned
• cast – cast – cast
• catch – caught – caught
• chide – chided/chid – chided/chid/chidden
• choose – chose – chosen
• clad – clad/cladded – clad/cladded
• cleave – clove/cleft/cleaved – cloven/cleft/cleaved
• cling – clung – clung
• clothe – clothed/clad – clothed/clad
• come – came – come
• cost – cost – cost
• creep – crept/creeped – crept/creeped
• crow – crowed/crew – crowed
• cut – cut – cut
• D
• deal – dealt – dealt
• dig – dug – dug
• dive – dived/dove – dived/dove
• do (does）– did – done
• draw – drew – drawn
• dream – dreamed/dreamt – dreamed/dreamt
• drink – drank – drunk
• drive – drove – driven
• dwell – dwelt/dwelled – dwelt/dwelled
• E
• eat – ate – eaten
• F
• fall – fell – fallen
• feed – fed – fed
• feel – felt – felt
• fight – fought – fought
• find – found – found
• fit – fit/fitted – fit/fitted
• flee – fled – fled
• fling – flung – flung
• fly – flew – flown
• forsake – forsook – forsaken
• freeze – froze – frozen
• G
• get – got – gotten/got
• gild – gilded/gilt – gilded/gilt
• give – gave – given
• go – went – gone
• grind – ground – ground
• grow – grew – grown
• H
• hang – hung/hanged – hung/hanged
• have (has) – had – had
• hear – heard – heard
• hew – hewed – hewn/hewed
• hide – hid – hidden
• hit – hit – hit
• hold – held – held
• hurt – hurt – hurt
• K
• keep – kept – kept
• kneel – knelt/kneeled – knelt/kneeled
• knit – knit/knitted – knit/knitted
• know – knew – known
• L
• lay – laid – laid
• lead – led – led
• lean – leaned/leant – leaned/leant
• leap – leaped/leapt – leaped/leapt
• learn – learned/learnt – learned/learnt
• leave – left – left
• lend – lent – lent
• let – let – let
• lie – lay/lied – lain/lied
• light – lit/lighted – lit/lighted
• lose – lost – lost
• M
• make – made – made
• may – might – 缺
• mean – meant – meant
• meet – met – met
• mow – mowed – mowed/mown
• P
• pay – paid – paid
• plead – pleaded/pled – pleaded/pled
• prove – proved – proved/proven
• put – put – put
• Q
• quit – quit – quit
• R
• read（ /riːd/ ）– read（ /rɛd/ ）– read（ /rɛd/）
• rend – rent – rent
• rid – rid/ridded – rid/ridded
• ride – rode – ridden
• ring – rang – rung
• rise – rose – risen
• run – ran – run
• S
• saw – sawed – sawn/sawed
• say (says /sɛz/) – said – said
• see – saw – seen
• seek – sought – sought
• sell – sold – sold
• send – sent – sent
• set – set – set
• sew – sewed – sewn/sewed
• shake – shook – shaken
• shall – should – 缺
• shear – sheared – shorn/sheared
• shed – shed – shed
• shine – shone/shined – shone/shined
• shit – shat/shit/shitted – shat/shit/shitted
• shoe – shoed/shod – shoed/shod
• shoot – shot – shot
• show – showed – shown/showed
• shrink – shrank/shrunk – shrunk
• shrive – shrove – shriven
• shut – shut – shut
• sing – sang – sung
• sink – sank – sunk
• sit – sat – sat
• slay – slew/slayed – slain/slayed
• sleep – slept – slept
• slide – slid – slid
• sling – slung – slung
• slink – slunk – slunk
• slit – slit – slit
• smell – smelled/smelt – smelled/smelt
• smite – smote – smitten
• sneak – sneaked/snuck – sneaked/snuck
• sow – sowed – sown/sowed
• speak – spoke – spoken
• speed – sped/speeded – sped/speeded
• spell – spelled/spelt – spelled/spelt
• spend – spent – spent
• spill – spilled/spilt – spilled/spilt
• spin – spun – spun
• spit – spat/spitted/spit – spat/spitted/spit
• split – split – split
• spoil – spoiled/spoilt – spoiled/spoilt
• spread – spread – spread
• spring – sprang/sprung – sprung
• stay – stayed/staid – stayed/staid
• stand – stood – stood
• stave – staved/stove – staved/stove
• steal – stole – stolen
• stick – stuck – stuck
• sting – stung – stung
• stink – stank – stunk
• strew – strewed – strewn/strewed
• stride – strode – stridden
• strike – struck – struck/stricken
• string – strung – strung
• strive – strove/strived – striven/strived
• swear – swore – sworn
• sweat – sweated/sweat – sweated/sweat
• sweep – swept – swept
• swell – swelled – swollen/swelled
• swim – swam – swum
• swing – swung – swung
• T
• take – took – taken
• teach – taught – taught
• tear – tore/teared– torn/teared
• tell – told – told
• text – texted/text – texted/text
• think – thought – thought
• thrive – thrived/throve – thrived/thriven
• throw – threw – thrown
• thrust – thrust – thrust
• tread – trod/treaded – trodden/trod/treaded
• W
• wake – woke – woken
• wear – wore – worn
• weave – wove/weaved –wove/woven/weaved
• wed – wed/wedded – wed/wedded
• weep – wept – wept
• wet – wet/wetted – wet/wetted
• will – would – 缺
• win – won – won
• wind – wound – wound
• wring – wrung – wrung
• write – wrote – written

现在式不规则 – 第一表

• B
• be – am/are/is
• D
• do – does
• H
• have – has
• S
• say ( /se/ ) – says ( /sɛz/ )

下表为标准英语所规范的207个（包含37个派生动词）个不规则动词。

过去式/过去分词不规则 – 第二表

• A
• a：
  • arise – arose – arisen
  • awake – awoke – awoken
• B
• be：
  • become – became – become
  • befall – befell – befallen
  • beget – begot – begotten
  • behold – beheld – beheld
  • beset – beset – beset
• be (am、is、are) – was (were) – been
• bear – bore – borne
• beat – beat – beaten
• begin – began – begun
• bend – bent – bent
• beseech – besought – besought
• bet – bet – bet
• beware – 缺 – 缺
• bid – bid – bid
• bind – bound – bound
• bite – bit – bitten
• bleed – bled – bled
• blow – blew – blown
• break – broke – broken
• breed – bred – bred
• bring – brought – brought
• build – built – built
• burst – burst – burst
• buy – bought – bought
• C
• can – could/canned– canned
• cast – cast – cast
• catch – caught – caught
• chide – chided – chidden
• choose – chose – chosen
• cleave – clove/cleaved – cloven/cleaved
• cling – clung – clung
• come – came – come
• cost – cost – cost
• creep – crept – crept
• cut – cut – cut
• D
• dare – 缺 – 缺
• deal – dealt – dealt
• dig – dug – dug
• do (does）– did – done
• draw – drew – drawn
• drink – drank – drunk
• drive – drove – driven
• dwell – dwelt – dwelt
• E
• eat – ate – eaten
• F
• for(e)：
  • forbear – forbore – forborne
  • foretell – foretold – foretold
  • forgo – forwent – forgone
  • foresee – forsaw – forseen
  • foreshow – foreshowed – foreshown
• fall – fell – fallen
• feed – fed – fed
• feel – felt – felt
• fight – fought – fought
• find – found – found
• flee – fled – fled
• fling – flung – flung
• fly – flew – flown
• forsake – forsook – forsaken
• freeze – froze – frozen
• G
• get – got – got
• give – gave – given
• gird – girded – girt/girded
• go – went – gone
• grind – ground – ground
• grow – grew – grown
• H
• hang – hung – hung
• have (has) – had – had
• hear – heard – heard
• hew – hewed – hewn
• hide – hid – hidden
• hit – hit – hit
• hold – held – held
• hurt – hurt – hurt
• I
• in：
  • inlay – inlaid – inlaid
  • input – input – input
• inter：
  • interlay – interlaid – interlaid
  • interweave – interwove – interwoven
• K
• keep – kept – kept
• kneel – knelt – knelt
• know – knew – known
• L
• lade – laded – laden
• lay – laid – laid
• lead – led – led
• leave – left – left
• lend – lent – lent
• let – let – let
• lie – lay – lain
• light – lit – lit
• lose – lost – lost
• M
• mis：
  • mislead – misled – misled
  • misspeak – misspoke – misspoken
  • mistake – mistook – mistaken
  • misunderstand – misunderstood – misunderstood
• make – made – made
• may – might – 缺
• mean – meant – meant
• meet – met – met
• mow – mowed – mown
• must – 缺 – 缺
• O
• off：
  • offset – offset – offset
• over：
  • overbid – overbid – overbid
  • overdo – overdid – overdone
• ought – 缺 – 缺
• owe – ought/owed – owed
• P
• pre：
  • prepay – prepaid – prepaid
  • preset – preset – preset
• pay – paid – paid
• prove – proved – proven
• put – put – put
• Q
• quit – quit – quit
• R
• re：
  • redo – redid – redone
  • remake – remade – remade
  • rewrite – rewrote – rewritten
• read（ /riːd/ ）– read（ /rɛd/ ）– read（ /rɛd/）
• rend – rent – rent
• rid – rid – rid
• ride – rode – ridden
• ring – rang – rung
• rise – rose – risen
• rive – rived – rived/riven
• run – ran – run
• S
• saw – sawed – sawn
• say (says /sɛz/) – said – said
• see – saw – seen
• seek – sought – sought
• sell – sold – sold
• send – sent – sent
• set – set – set
• sew – sewed – sewn
• shake – shook – shaken
• shall – should – 缺
• shear – sheared – shorn
• shed – shed – shed
• shine – shone – shone
• shoe – shod – shod
• shoot – shot – shot
• show – showed – shown
• shrink – shrank – shrunk
• shrive – shrove – shriven
• shut – shut – shut
• sing – sang – sung
• sink – sank – sunk
• sit – sat – sat
• slay – slew – slain
• sleep – slept – slept
• slide – slid – slid
• sling – slung – slung
• slink – slunk – slunk
• slit – slit – slit
• smell – smelt – smelt
• smite – smote – smitten
• sow – sowed – sown
• speak – spoke – spoken
• speed – sped – sped
• spend – spent – spent
• spill – spilt – spilt
• spin – spun – spun
• spit – spat/spitted – spat/spitted
• split – split – split
• spoil – spoilt – spoilt
• spread – spread – spread
• spring – sprang – sprung
• stand – stood – stood
• stave – staved/stove – staved/stove
• steal – stole – stolen
• stick – stuck – stuck
• sting – stung – stung
• stink – stank – stunk
• strew – strewed – strewn
• stride – strode – stridden
• strike – struck – struck
• string – strung – strung
• strive – strove – striven
• swear – swore – sworn
• sweep – swept – swept
• swell – swelled – swollen
• swim – swam – swum
• swing – swung – swung
• T
• take – took – taken
• teach – taught – taught
• tear – tore– torn
• tell – told – told
• think – thought – thought
• thrive – thrived – thriven
• throw – threw – thrown
• thrust – thrust – thrust
• tread – trod – trodden
• U
• un:：
  • unbend – unbent – unbent
  • unweave – unwove – unwoven
• under：
  • underlie – underlay – underlain
  • understand – understood – understood
  • undertake – undertook – undertook
• up：
  • upset – upset – upset
• W
• with：
  • withdraw – withdrew – withdrawn
  • withhold – withheld – withheld
  • withstand – withstood – withstood
• wake – woke – woken
• wear – wore – worn
• weave – wove/weaved – woven/weaved
• wed – wed – wed
• weep – wept – wept
• wet – wet – wet
• will – would – 缺
• win – won – won
• wind – wound – wound
• wring – wrung – wrung
• write – wrote – written

现在式不规则 – 第二表

• B
• be – am/are/is
• D
• do – does
• H
• have – has
• S
• say ( /se/ ) – says ( /sɛz/ )

英语前35常用动词整理

下表为英语前35常用动词是否为不规则动词的表格整理。

排名		单字	是否为
			不规则	强变化
			动词
1		be	是	否
2		have
3		do
4		say
5		get
6		make
7		go		混合型
8		kmow		是
9		take
10		see
11		come
12		think		否
13		look	否
14		want
15		give	是	是
16		use	否	否
17		find	是
18		tell
19		ask	否
20		work
21		seem
22		feel	是
23		try	否
24		leave	是
25		call	否
26		put	是
27		keep
28		let
29		begin		是
30		help	否	否
31		talk
32		turn
33		Start
34		show	混合型	是
35		hear	是
统计	前35	是	22	8
		否	12	26
		混合型	1	1
	前10	是	10	3
		否	0	6
		混合型	0	1

美式动词与英式动词

部分动词的三态在英式英语与美式英语中存在差异，以下列表整理。

单字	英式		美式		标准英语(牛津字典)		备注
	过去式	过去分词	过去式	过去分词	过去式	过去分词
get	got			gotten	got		gotten为旧有形式，在英国被淘汰，在美国被持续使用
learn	learnt		learned				英式弱化为t，美式又规则化
burn	burnt		burned
spell	spelt		spelled
dream	dreamt		dreamed
smell	smelt		smelled		smelt
spoil	spoilt		spoiled		spoilt
spill	spilt		spilled		spilt
lean	leant/leaned		leaned
kneel	knelt		kneeled
leap	leapt		leaped
dive	dived		dove	dived			drive类推
plead	pleaded		pled/pleaded		pleaded		美式口语常用pled
thrive	throve	thriven	thrived			thriven	美式规则化
fit	fit		fitted/fit		fitted		美式规则化

强变化动词和弱变化动词

不规则动词中，有些是古英语强变化的遗留，有些是音变的结果，有些是类推形成的，以下列表整理。

类型	形式			例子	备注
弱变化动词	音变	ay – aid – aid		pay、say、lay
		？– a/ought – a/ought		teach、catch、beseech、seek、think、buy、bring、fight
		ee? – e?t /–e?t		feel、keep、sleep、creep、sweep、weep、leap、kneel、leave、flee
		？– (去尾)+t/d – (去尾)+t/d		burn、learn、dream、spoil、spill、smell、dwell、mean、lose、lend、make、hear、gild、build、bend、lean、leap、gird
	音变			plead
	类比影响	i – u – u		dig、sneak、string、stick、sling、sneak
		i – o – i		dive
		过去分词+n		prove、sew、show、strew、saw
		其他		wend(go过去式)、show
	音变	无变化动词	字尾t	bet、cut、hit、hurt、let、put、set、shut、cost、cast、fit、quit、split、thrust、slit、knit、shit、text、sweat、wet
			字尾d	bid、clad、shed、wed、spread、rid
强变化动词			字尾t	burst、let
			字尾d	shed、read(发音不规则）
	部分变化残存			hew、shear、mow、sow、swell
	第一类变化			ride、write、bite、drive
	第二类变化			choose、fly、freeze
	第三类变化			find、bind、drink、swim、sing、spring、wring、ring
	第四类变化			bear、steal、shear
	第五类变化			eat、give、sit、speak、tread、bid
	第六类变化			stand、lade(laden少用)
	第七类变化			blow、know、fall、hold、tell、sell