使用者:虞海/X̲aat 語
維基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
X̲aat 語(ANLC系統:X̲aat Kíl, X̲aadas Kíl, X̲aayda Kil)是 X̲aat 人的語言。該語言有8個元音和超過30個輔音。語言學家Edward Sapir曾在1915年把 X̲aat 語歸為納-德內語系,該提議隨即受到諸多語言學家(如Pinnow, Greenberg, Enrico, Ruhlen, Manaster Ramer, and Bengtson,詳見參考文獻列表)的支持;然而,今天大多數語言學家將 X̲aat 語看作是一個孤立語言。[1]08年語言學界提議美洲的納-德內語系和北亞(中西伯利亞)的葉尼塞語系同源並構成德內-葉尼塞語門,[2]卻沒有任何跡象表明 X̲aat 語屬於該語門。
X̲aat 語 | |
---|---|
X̲aat Kíl | |
母語國家和地區 | 加拿大 (Haida Gwaii), 美國 (Prince of Wales Island) |
母語使用人數 | 作爲母語:40人 作爲第二語言:275人 |
語系 | 孤立語言
|
文字 | 拉丁字母(Enrico和ANLC) |
官方地位 | |
作為官方語言 | Council of the Haida Nation |
管理機構 | 無 |
語言代碼 | |
ISO 639-1 | none |
ISO 639-2 | hai |
ISO 639-3 | hai ——囊括代碼(英語:ISO 639 macrolanguage)各項代碼: hdn – 北部方言(美加)hax – 南部方言(加拿大) |
大約100年前,全體 X̲aat 人都使用 X̲aat 語,[3]但今天 X̲aat 語卻是extremely endangered, with only about 40 native speakers,[4] nearly all of whom are older adults.[5][6] Although the number of native speakers has diminished along the years, according to a 2001 Canadian Census there are now about 275 speakers in British Columbia alone,[3] and with revived interest in the language, this figure is expected to grow.
Currently Haida citizens and friends in all three dialect communities are working to revitalizing the language. In Skidegate, fluent speakers gather on a daily basis to work on the southern or Skidegate dialect and have produced a large series of recordings. In Masset, a group of younger learners is working with their fluent elders to reintegrate the northern or Masset dialect into their daily lives. In Alaska, the community conducts regular language classes for teens and adults, and has built a website complete with online recordings of the Kaigani dialect.