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撣泰地體

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撣泰地塊,又稱撣邦地塊、滇緬馬蘇地塊(Sibumasu massif)、滇緬馬來亞地塊(Sinoburmalaya massif),中國境內稱為保山地塊。位於緬甸東部撣邦的一個近南北向的長條形地體。北起中國雲南保山,向南經過緬甸、泰國、馬來半島,南至蘇門答臘島,長4000km。[1]

概述

西側以實皆斷裂緬甸中央盆地相鄰;東側以一個較寬的印支期造山帶印支地塊東馬來地塊分開。

地塊基底僅出露於滇西和緬甸,在滇西稱為公養河群,在緬甸稱為昌馬支超群,為一套砂泥質變質岩系。公養河群被含化石的上寒武統整合覆蓋,而昌馬支超群則與上寒武統不整合覆蓋。蓋層從上寒武統一直延續到三疊系,基本上是連續沉積,其上有少量侏羅、白堊紀紅層。蓋層的石炭、二疊紀沉積中含有冰水沉積和冷水動物群化石,說明本地塊原本是岡瓦納大陸的一部分。晚古生代二疊紀末從東岡瓦納分離出來[2],向北漂移,三疊紀末與印支地塊碰撞[3],成為歐亞板塊的一部分。

撣泰地塊在古特提斯洋中是一個跨越幾個維度的列島。因而可以分為幾部分,具有不同的古地理歷史。

已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯
"Thai" elements, bordering the Indochina block, are of 華夏古陸n type and characterised by palaeo-tropical warm-water 沉積相. The external "Shan" part has Gondwanan cold-water facies whilst the central "Sibumasu" part is transitional between the other two.

The internal parts of Shan–Thai merged with Laurasia 265 Ma when the Nan-Uttaradit suture closed.[4] Oceanic basins separated the other elements of Shan–Thai until the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic Late Indochina Orogeny.[5]

The collision between India and Eurasia during the Oligocene and Miocene resulted in clockwise rotation of south-west Asia, severe deformation of south-east Asia, and the extrusion of Shan–Thai and Indochina blocks. These two blocks are still crisscrossed by the faults from this collision.[6]

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