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沃爾特·比德爾·史密斯
来自维基百科，自由的百科全书
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沃爾特·比德爾·「金龜」·史密斯（英語：Walter Bedell "Beetle" Smith，1895年10月5日—1961年8月9日）是美國陸軍退役四星上將、政治家、外交官、中情局局長。他曾在突尼斯戰役和入侵義大利期間擔任盟軍司令部艾森豪將軍的參謀長。後在1944年到1945年，為歐洲盟軍遠征軍最高司令部艾森豪總帥的參謀長。1946年任駐蘇聯大使，1949年任第1集團軍司令；1950年任美國中央情報局局長，1954年退休。
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生平
1911年，史密斯以二等兵軍階在印第安納州國民警衛隊入伍。 在第一次世界大戰期間，他於1917年任官為少尉並於1918年在第二次馬恩河戰役中受傷。戰爭結束後，他成為美國陸軍步兵學校（也稱本寧堡步兵學校）的參謀及講師。1941年，他成為陸軍總參謀秘書，第二年他成為「聯合參謀長團」（Combined Chiefs of Staff）的秘書. 他的職責包括參與最高級別的討論，史密斯還常向羅斯福總統匯報戰略部署。
外部資料
- Ancell, R. Manning; Miller, Christine. The Biographical Dictionary of World War II Generals and Flag Officers: The US Armed Forces. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 1996. ISBN 0-313-29546-8. OCLC 33862161.
- Crosswell, D. K. R. The Chief of Staff: The Military Career of General Walter Bedell Smith. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 1991. ISBN 0-313-27480-0. OCLC 22273487.
- Garland, Albert N.; Smyth, Howard McGaw. Sicily and the Surrender of Italy. United States Army in World War II: The War in the Mediterranean (Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, US Department of the Army). 1965. OCLC 396186.
- Howe, George F. Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West. United States Army in World War II: The War in the Mediterranean (Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, US Department of the Army). 1957. OCLC 23304011.
- Lee, Ulysses. The Employment of Negro Troops. United States Army in World War II: Special Studies (Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, US Department of the Army). 1966 [2012-12-03]. OCLC 22126862. （原始內容存檔於2012-11-26）.
- Montague, Ludwell Lee. General Walter Bedell Smith as Director of Central Intelligence October 1950 – February 1953. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University. 1992. ISBN 0-271-00750-8. OCLC 22707456.
- Mossman, B.; Stark, M. W. CHAPTER XX, General Walter Bedell Smith, Special Full Honor Funeral, 9–14 August 1961. The Last Salute: Civil and Military Funerals, 1921–1969. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, US Department of the Army. 1991 [31 August 2010]. OCLC 596887. （原始內容存檔於2007-11-17）.
- Pogue, Forrest C. The Supreme Command. United States Army in World War II: The European Theater of Operations (Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, US Department of the Army). 1954. OCLC 1247005.
- Schifferle, Peter J. America's School for War. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 2010. ISBN 0-7006-1714-0. OCLC 461324087.
- Smith, Walter Bedell. My Three Years in Moscow. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott. 1950. OCLC 421156.
- Smith, Walter Bedell. Eisenhower's Six Great Decisions: Europe, 1944–1945. New York, New York: Longmans. 1956. OCLC 522963.
- Snyder, William P. Walter Bedell Smith: Eisenhower's Chief of Staff. Vol. 48. Society for Military History. January 1984: 6–14 [20 August 2010]. ISSN 0026-3931. OCLC 477921470. doi:10.2307/1988341. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-05）.
|journal=被忽略 (幫助);|issue=被忽略 (幫助) - Urseth, Leif H. Bedell Smith and Functionalist Dilemmas. Manhattan, Kansas: Kansas State University. 2010 [6 September 2010]. OCLC 642824859.
- Watson, Mark Skinner. Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, US Department of the Army. 1950 [20 August 2010]. OCLC 19679393. （原始內容存檔於2012-12-13）.
- Ziemke, Earl F. The US Army in the Occupation of Germany 1944–1946. Army Historical Series. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, US Department of the Army. 1974 [30 August 2010]. OCLC 81869288. （原始內容存檔於2005-05-19）.
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：沃爾特·比德爾·史密斯
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