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胡椒屬

胡椒科的一属植物 来自维基百科，自由的百科全书

胡椒属
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胡椒屬植物在經濟和生態方面都很重要，包括大約有1,000-2,000餘種，有草本、灌木、藤本甚至是小喬木，胡椒科植物既不屬於雙子葉植物也不屬於單子葉植物，和三白草科親源關係較近，在胡椒科內，胡椒屬和草胡椒屬的親源關係較近。

快速預覽 胡椒屬, 科學分類 ...

胡椒屬植物分布在世界各地的熱帶地區，多數品種生長在熱帶雨林中，也有少數品種可以生長在比較開闊地帶或亞熱帶地區。

部分胡椒屬藤本品種在溫暖地區可以作為園藝品種，但胡椒屬的主要用途還是作為香料和蔬菜，人類最早在大約9,000年前就已經知道應用胡椒作為食品香料，主要用黑胡椒（Piper nigrum），此外像墨西哥葉胡椒（Piper auritum）、蓽澄茄（Piper cubeba）、長胡椒（Piper longum）、西非胡椒（Piper guineen）也常被應用。越南的羅洛胡椒（Piper lolot）以及東南亞的假蒟（Piper sarmentosum）葉子都是當地的蔬菜。胡椒屬許多品種還被許多地方作為當地的草藥使用。

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黑胡椒種子，從左到右:
綠色鹽漬的熟種子
白色乾燥的熟種子
黑色乾燥的未熟種子
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長果胡椒
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Piper grandifolium
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長胡椒 (Piper longum)
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黑胡椒 (Piper nigrum)
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假蓽拔
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主要品種

胡椒屬植物在美洲有約700種，在東南亞有300餘種，在南太平洋有40多種，在非洲有約15種。[1]

  • 蘭嶼風藤 Piper arborescens
  • Piper achupallasense
  • Piper aduncum
  • Piper aequilaterum C.DC.
  • Piper alwynii M. A. Jaram., 2023[2]
  • Piper amalgo
  • Piper angamarcanum
  • 蘭嶼胡椒 Piper arborescens Roxb.
  • 西藏胡椒 Piper arunachalense Gajurel, Rethy & Y. Kumar
  • 卵葉胡椒 Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq.
  • 墨西哥胡椒葉 Piper auritum
  • 華南胡椒 Piper austrosinense Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper azuaiense
  • Piper baezanum
  • Piper baezense
  • Piper begoniiforme
  • 蔞葉 Piper betle L.
  • 苧葉蒟 Piper boehmeriaefolium (Miq.) C. DC.
    • 光軸苧葉蒟 Piper boehmeriaefolium var. tonkinense C. DC.
  • 復毛胡椒 Piper bonii C. DC.
    • 大葉復毛胡椒 Piper bonii var. macrophyllum Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper borneense
  • Piper brachipilum
  • Piper brachystylum
  • Piper bullatifolium
  • Piper caldense C.DC.
  • Piper callejasii W. Trujillo & M. A. Jaram.[3]
  • Piper campii
  • Piper caninum , SE Asia to Australia, Common pepper, Native pepper in Australia.
  • Piper candollei
  • 華山蔞 Piper cathayanum M. G. Gilbert & N. H. Xia
  • Piper cenocladum – "ant piper"
  • 長果胡椒 Piper chaba
  • 勐海胡椒 Piper chaudocanum C. DC.
  • Piper chimborazoense
  • Piper chimonanthifolium Kunth
  • 中華胡椒 Piper chinense Miq.
  • Piper clathratum
  • Piper claussenianum
  • Piper coeloneurum
  • Piper cordulatum
  • 蓽澄茄 Piper cubeba
  • Piper cutucuense
  • 大苗山胡椒 Piper damiaoshanense Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper darienense – duermeboca (巴拿馬), kana (Kuna)
  • Piper decurrens
  • Piper densiciliatum
  • Piper diffundum
  • Piper disparipilum
  • Piper distigmatum
  • Piper dodsonii
  • Piper entradense
  • Piper eriocladum
  • Piper eustylum
  • Piper fallenii
  • 琉球胡椒 Piper ferriei C. DC.
  • Piper fimbriulatum
  • 黃花胡椒 Piper flaviflorum C. DC.
  • Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth
  • Piper glabratum Kunth
  • Piper grandifolium
  • Piper gualeanum
  • Piper guayasanum
  • 西非胡椒 Piper guineense
  • 海南蒟 Piper hainanense Hemsl.
  • 山蒟 Piper hancei Maxim.
  • 哈曼氏胡椒 Piper harmandii C. DC.
  • Piper hillianum C.DC.
  • Piper hispidinervum
  • 河池胡椒 Piper hochiense Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper huigranum
  • Piper hydrolapathum
  • Piper hylebates
  • Piper hylophilum
  • Piper imperiale
  • 沉果胡椒 Piper infossum Y. Q. Tseng
  • 疏果胡椒 Piper interruptum Opiz
  • 尖峰嶺胡椒 Piper jianfenglingense C.Y. Hao & Y.H. Tan[4]
  • 風藤 Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi
  • 恆春風藤 Piper kawakamii Hayata
  • Piper kerrii Suwanph. and Y.Banchong, 2023[5]
  • Piper kurzii Ridl.[5]
  • 綠島胡椒 Piper kwashoense Hayata
  • 大葉蒟 Piper laetispicum C. DC.[5]
  • Piper lanatum Roxb.[5]
  • Piper laevigatum Kunth, 1815
  • Piper leptostachyum Wall. ex Miq.[5]
  • Piper lhotzkyanum Kunth
  • Piper lineatipilosum Yunck., 1959
  • 陵水胡椒 Piper lingshuiense Y. C. Tseng
  • 羅洛胡椒 Piper lolot C.DC., 1898
  • Piper lonchites Roem. & Schult.[5]
  • Piper longicaudatum
  • 蓽拔 Piper longum L.，長胡椒
  • Piper lucigaudens
  • Piper macrophyllum
  • 粗梗胡椒 Piper macropodum C. DC.
  • 麻根 Piper magen B. Q. Cheng ex C. L. Long & Jun Yang[6]
  • Piper magnificum – Lacquered Pepper
  • Piper malacophyllum (C.Presl) C.DC.
  • Piper manabinum
  • Piper marginatum
  • Piper mekongense
  • Piper mendezense
  • Piper mestonii
  • Piper metallicum Hallier f., 1896
  • 卡瓦胡椒 Piper methysticum Roxb.，為Piper majusculum Blume的異名
  • Piper mexiae (Trel.) Trel. & Yunck., 1950
  • 柄果胡椒 Piper mischocarpum Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper molliusculum Sodiro, 1900
  • 墨脫胡椒 Piper motuoense X.W.Qin, F.Su & C.Y.Hao, 2024[7]
  • 短蒟 Piper mullesua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
  • 變葉胡椒 Piper mutabile C. DC.
  • Piper nanegalense
  • Piper napo-pastazanum
  • Piper nebuligaudens
  • 黑胡椒 Piper nigrum L.，胡椒
  • Piper novae-hollandiae Giant Pepper Vine - 澳大利亞
  • 裸果胡椒 Piper nudibaccatum Y. Q. Tseng
  • 彩脈胡椒 Piper ornatum N.E.Br., 1884
  • Piper pachyphyllum – Mahalatsaka
  • 角果胡椒 Piper pedicellatum C. DC.
  • Piper peepuloides Roxb.[5]
  • Piper peltatum L., 1753
  • Piper permucronatum Yunck.
  • Piper perstrigosum Yunck., 1955
  • Piper phangngaense Suwanph. and Hodk., 2023[5]
  • 台東胡椒 Piper philippinum Miq.
  • 屏邊胡椒 Piper pingbienense Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper platylobum
  • 線梗胡椒 Piper pleiocarpum C. C. Chang ex Y. C. Tseng
  • 樟葉胡椒 Piper polysyphonum C. DC.
  • 肉軸胡椒 Piper ponesheense C. DC.
  • Piper porphyrophyllum
  • Piper poscitum
  • Piper prietoi
  • Piper productispicum
  • Piper pseudonigrum
  • Piper pseudopothifolium C.DC.
  • 毛葉胡椒 Piper puberulilimbum C. DC.
  • 岩椒 Piper pubicatulum C. DC.
  • Piper puyoense
  • Piper quinchasense M. A. Jaram.[8]
  • Piper regale
  • 假蓽拔 Piper retrofractum Vahl
  • Piper richardiifolium Kunth
  • Piper rugocarpum Y.Banchong and Suwanph., 2023[5]
  • Piper rostratum Roxb.[5]
  • Piper rubronodosum
  • Piper rubrovenosum
  • 紅果胡椒 Piper rubrum C. DC.
  • 西貢胡椒 Piper saigonense
  • Piper saloyanum
  • Piper san-miguelense
  • 假蒟 Piper sarmentosum Roxb.
  • 斜葉蒟 Piper senporeiense Yamam.
  • Piper schuppii
  • 塞席爾胡椒 Piper seychellarum
  • Piper skutchii
  • Piper smitinandianum Suwanph. & Chantar. [5]
  • Piper sodiroi
  • 短柄胡椒 Piper stipitiforme C. C. Chang ex Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper stipulosum
  • Piper subaduncum
  • 多脈胡椒 Piper submultinerve C. DC.
    • 狹葉多脈胡椒 Piper submultinerve var. nandanicum Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper subnitidifolium
  • 緣毛胡椒 Piper semiimmersum C. DC.
  • 半透明胡椒 Piper semi-transparens C.Y. Hao & Y.H. Tan[9]
  • 滇西胡椒 Piper suipigua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
  • Piper supernum
  • 銀葉胡椒 Piper sylvaticum Roxb., 長柄胡椒
  • 台灣胡椒 Piper taiwanense T. T. Lin & S. Y. Lu
  • Piper tectonifolium Kunth
  • 球穗胡椒 Piper thomsonii (C. DC.) Hook. f.
    • 小葉球穗胡椒 Piper thomsonii var. microphyllum Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper trachyphyllum
  • Piper translucens Yunck.
  • Piper triandrum F.Muell.
  • 三色胡椒 Piper tricolor Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper trioicum
  • Piper truman-yunckeri
  • Piper truncatum Vell.
  • 瑞麗胡椒 Piper tsengianum M. G. Gilbert & N. H. Xia
  • 粗穗胡椒 Piper tsangyuanense P. S. Chen & P. C. Zhu
  • 大胡椒 Piper umbellatum L.
  • Piper unguiculatum
  • Piper valladolidense
  • Piper verrucosum
  • 石南藤 Piper wallichii (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz.
  • Piper warakahoura
  • Piper wibomii
  • Piper wightii
  • 盈江胡椒 Piper yinkiangense Y. C. Tseng
  • 蒟子 Piper yunnanense Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper zarumanum
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注釋

外部連結

參考文獻

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