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愛德華·沙皮爾
美国人类学家、语言学家（1884—1939） 来自维基百科，自由的百科全书
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愛德華·沙皮爾（德語：Edward Sapir，/səˈpɪər/，1884年1月26日—1939年2月4日）[1][2][3][4][5][6]，又譯沙皮爾[2][3][4][5]、薩丕爾[1][6]，生於普魯士王國倫堡（今屬波蘭），美國人類學家和語言學家[1]。
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生平
沙皮爾在德國出生。他1904年從哥倫比亞大學畢業。畢業以後兩年，他參與了Wishram和Takelma語言的實地研究。沙皮爾在哥倫比亞的時候認識了他的恩師法蘭茲·鮑亞士。
沙皮爾曾在芝加哥大學和耶魯大學任教，於1931年直至去世，他擔任耶魯大學人類學系的主席。他是首先考慮語言學與人類學之間的關係的語言學家之一。他的學生包括班傑明·李·沃夫、瑪莉·哈斯、查爾斯·F·霍克特、哈利·霍耶和李方桂。
他於1939年因心臟病而逝世，享年54歲。
沙皮爾部分著作
- Sapir, Edward. Herder's "Ursprung der Sprache". Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1907. ASIN: B0006CWB2W.
- Sapir, Edward. On the etymology of Sanskrit asru, Avestan asru, Greek dakru. Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji (編). Spiegel memorial volume. Papers on Iranian subjects written by various scholars in honour of the late Dr. Frederic Spiegel. Bombay: British India Press. 1908: 156–159.
- Sapir, Edward; Curtin, Jeremiah. Wishram texts, together with Wasco tales and myths. E.J. Brill. 1909. ISBN 0-404-58152-8. ASIN: B000855RIW.
- Sapir, Edward. Yana Texts. Berkeley University Press. 1910. ISBN 1-177-11286-8.
- Sapir, Edward. A sketch of the social organization of the Nass River Indians. Ottawa: Government Printing Office. 1915.
- Sapir, Edward. Noun reduplication in Comox, a Salish language of Vancouver island. Ottawa: Government Printing Office. 1915.
- Sapir, Edward. Time Perspective in Aboriginal American Culture, A Study in Method. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau. 1916.
- Sapir, Edward. Dreams and Gibes. Boston: The Gorham Press. 1917. ISBN 0-548-56941-X.
- Sapir, Edward. Language: An introduction to the study of speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. 1921 [2016-10-10]. ISBN 4-87187-529-6. ASIN: B000NGWX8I. （原始內容存檔於2009-09-24）.
- Sapir, Edward; Swadesh, Morris. Nootka Texts: Tales and ethnological narratives, with grammatical notes and lexical materials. Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America. 1939. ISBN 0-404-11893-3. ASIN: B000EB54JC.
- Sapir, Edward. Mandelbaum, David , 編. Selected writings in language, culture and personality. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1949. ISBN 0-520-01115-5. ASIN: B000PX25CS.
- Sapir, Edward; Irvine, Judith. The psychology of culture: A course of lectures. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 2002. ISBN 978-3-11-017282-9.
- Sapir, Edward. Preliminary report on the language and mythology of the Upper Chinook. American Anthropologist. 1907, 9: 533–544. doi:10.1525/aa.1907.9.3.02a00100.
- Sapir, Edward. Some fundamental characteristics of the Ute language. Science. 1910, 31 (31): 350–352. doi:10.1126/science.31.792.350.
- Sapir, Edward. Some aspects of Nootka language and culture. American Anthropologist. 1911, 13: 15–28. doi:10.1525/aa.1911.13.1.02a00030.
- Sapir, Edward. The problem of noun incorporation in American languages. American Anthropologist. 1911, 13: 250–282. doi:10.1525/aa.1911.13.2.02a00060.
- Sapir, E. Southern Paiute and Nahuatl, a study in Uto-Aztekan. Journal de la Société des Américanistes. 1913, 10 (2): 379–425. doi:10.3406/jsa.1913.2866.
- Sapir, Edward. The Na-dene languages: a preliminary report. American Anthropologist. 1915, 17: 765–773. doi:10.1525/aa.1915.17.3.02a00080.
- Sapir, Edward. Do we need a superorganic?. American Anthropologist. 1917, 19: 441–447. doi:10.1525/aa.1917.19.3.02a00150.
- Sapir, Edward. The grammarian and his language. The American Mercury. 1924, (1): 149–155.
- Sapir, Edward. Culture, Genuine and Spurious. The American Journal of Sociology. 1924, 29 (4): 401–429. doi:10.1086/213616.
- Sapir, Edward. Memorandum on the problem of an international auxiliary language. The Romanic Review. 1925, (16): 244–256.
- Sapir, Edward. Sound patterns in language. Language. 1925, (1): 37–51. doi:10.2307/409004.
- Sapir, Edward. The function of an international auxiliary language. Romanic Review. 1931, (11): 4–15. （原始內容存檔於2009-10-28）.
- Sapir, Edward. Internal linguistic evidence suggestive of the Northern origin of the Navaho. American Anthropologist. 1936, 38: 224–235. doi:10.1525/aa.1936.38.2.02a00040.
- Sapir, Edward. Grading: a study in semantics. Philosophy of Science. 1944, (11): 93–116. doi:10.1086/286828.
- Sapir, Edward. The relation of American Indian linguistics to general linguistics. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology. 1947, (1): 1–4.
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- Koerner, E. F. K.; Koerner, Konrad. Edward Sapir: Appraisals of his life and work. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 1985. ISBN 978-90-272-4518-2.
- Cowan, William; Foster, Michael K.; Koerner, Konrad. New perspectives in language, culture, and personality: Proceedings of the Edward Sapir Centenary Conference (Ottawa, 1–3 October 1984). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 1986. ISBN 90-272-4522-3.
- Darnell, Regna. Edward Sapir: linguist, anthropologist, humanist. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0-520-06678-6.
- Sapir, Edward; Bright, William. Southern Paiute and Ute: linguistics and ethnography. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 1992. ISBN 978-3-11-013543-5.
- Sapir, Edward; Darnell, Regna; Irvine, Judith T.; Handler, Richard. The collected works of Edward Sapir: culture. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 1999. ISBN 978-3-11-012639-6.
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- Sapir, Edward; Kroeber, Alfred L.; Golla (ed.), Victor. The Sapir–Kroeber correspondence: Letters between Edward Sapir and A.L. Kroeber 1905–1925 (PDF). Reports from the Survey of California and other Indian languages. 1984, 6: 1–509 [2016-10-10]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-03）.
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