User:C2873293821/沙盒1
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Mannich, C.; Krosche, W. Ueber ein Kondensationsprodukt aus Formaldehyd, Ammoniak und Antipyrin. Archiv der Pharmazie. 1912, 250: 647–667. doi:10.1002/ardp.19122500151.
20世纪30年代中期的加利福尼亚号战列舰
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历史 | |
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美国 | |
艦名 | 加利福尼亚 |
艦名出處 | 加利福尼亚州 |
下订日 | 1915年12月28日 |
建造者 | 加利福尼亚州 瓦列霍的马雷岛海军造船厂 |
動工日 | 1916年10月25日 |
下水日 | 1919年11月20日 |
服役日 | 1921年8月10日 |
退役日 | 1947年2月14日 |
除籍日 | 1959年3月1日 |
標識 | BB-44 |
结局 | 被拆解 |
技术数据(as built) | |
艦級 | 田纳西级战列舰 |
排水量 |
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全長 |
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全寬 | 97英尺5英寸(29.69米) |
吃水 | 30英尺2英寸(9.19米) |
動力輸出 | |
動力來源 |
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速度 | 21節(39公里每小時;24英里每小時) |
續航距離 | 8,000 nmi(15,000 km;9,200 mi) at 10節(19公里每小時;12英里每小時) |
乘員 |
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武器裝備 |
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装甲 |
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技术数据(1943) | |
排水量 |
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乘員 |
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武器裝備 |
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艦載機 | 3 × floatplanes |
飞行设施 | 2 × catapults |
USS California (BB-44) was the second of two Tennesseebattleships built for the United States Navy between her keel laying in October 1916 and her commissioning in August 1921. The Tennessee class was part of the standard series of twelve battleships built in the 1910s and 1920s, and were developments of the preceding New Mexicobattleship. They were armed with a battery of twelve 14-英寸(356-毫米) guns in four three-gun turrets. California served as the flagship of the Battle Fleet in the Pacific Ocean for duration of her peacetime career. She spent the 1920s and 1930s participating in routine fleet training exercises, including the annual Fleet Problems, and cruises around the Americas and further abroad, such as a goodwill visit to Australia and New Zealand in 1925.
California was moored in Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 when the Japanese attacked the port, bringing the United States into World War II. The ship was moderately damaged by a pair of torpedoes and a bomb, but a fire disabled the ship's electrical system, preventing the pumps from being used to keep the ship afloat. California slowly filled with water over the following three days and eventually sank. Her crew suffered heavy casualties in the attack and four men were awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions during the attack. She was raised in April 1942, repaired and heavily rebuilt, and returned to service in January 1944.
The ship thereafter supported the amphibious operations conducted during the Pacific War, including the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign (though she was damaged in a collision with “Tennessee”号 (BB-43) and thus missed the Battle of Peleliu) and the Philippines campaign, during which she took part in the Battle of Surigao Strait. She was hit by a kamikaze during the invasion of Lingayen Gulf in January 1945, after repairs, joined the fleet supporting troops fighting on Okinawa during the Battle of Okinawa. Her crew took part in the occupation of Japan after the end of the war, and after returning to the United States via the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, was laid up in Philadelphia in 1946. She remained in the fleet's inventory until 1959, when she was broken up for scrap.