| 语言 |
值类型 |
引用类型
|
| C++[3] |
布尔值、字符、整数、浮点数、类（包括字符串、列表、映射、集合、堆栈、队列）、枚举 |
参考，指针
|
| Java[4] |
布尔值、字符、整数、浮点数 |
数组、类（包括不可变字符串、列表、字典、集合、堆栈、队列、枚举）、接口、空指针
|
| C#[5] |
structures (including booleans, characters, integer numbers, floating-point numbers, fixed-point numbers, lists, dictionaries, sets, stacks, queues, optionals), enumerations |
classes (including immutable strings, arrays, tuples, lists, dictionaries, sets, stacks, queues), interfaces, pointers
|
| Swift[6][7] |
structures (including booleans, characters, integer numbers, floating-point numbers, fixed-point numbers, mutable strings, tuples, mutable arrays, mutable dictionaries, mutable sets), enumerations (including optionals), and user-defined structures and enumerations composing other value types. |
functions, closures, classes
|
| Python[8] |
|
classes (including immutable booleans, immutable integer numbers, immutable floating-point numbers, immutable complex numbers, immutable strings, byte strings, immutable byte strings, immutable tuples, immutable ranges, immutable memory views, lists, dictionaries, sets, immutable sets, null pointer)
|
| JavaScript[9] |
immutable booleans, immutable floating-point numbers, immutable integer numbers (bigint), immutable strings, immutable symbols, undefined, null |
objects (including functions, arrays, typed arrays, sets, maps, weak sets and weak maps)
|
| OCaml[10][11] |
immutable characters, immutable integer numbers, immutable floating-point numbers, immutable tuples, immutable enumerations (including immutable units, immutable booleans, immutable lists, immutable optionals), immutable exceptions, immutable formatting strings |
arrays, immutable strings, byte strings, dictionaries (including pointers)
|
