擬桿菌屬

擬桿菌屬（學名：Bacteroides）又稱類桿菌屬，是細菌中的一個屬，是人類大腸中的非病原性優勢菌種。革兰氏阴性菌。不形成孢子、厌氧和杆状细菌，是人类常驻菌群，同时也是肠道组成的重要基石菌属，与人类具有共生的关系。

擬桿菌屬
以瓊脂平板無氧培養下的擬桿菌（Bacteroides spp.）
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
门：	擬桿菌門 Bacteroidota
纲：	擬桿菌綱 Bacteroidia
目：	擬桿菌目 Bacteroidales
科：	擬桿菌科 Bacteroidaceae
属：	擬桿菌屬 Bacteroides Castellani & Chalmers, 1919
模式種
脆弱拟杆菌 Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani and Chalmers 1919
物種
见正文

擬桿菌屬被歸類在革蘭氏陰性菌和專性厭氧菌中。不同於其他細菌的是，擬桿菌屬的細胞膜上帶有鞘磷脂。這一細菌種類中以鬆脆類桿菌較為有名。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：^[1]

• 产酸拟杆菌 Bacteroides acidifaciens Miyamoto and Itoh 2000
• Bacteroides amylophilus Hamlin and Hungate 1956
• Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977
• Bacteroides barnesiae Lan et al., 2006
• Bacteroides bivius Holdeman and Johnson 1977
• Bacteroides buccae Holdeman et al., 1982
• Bacteroides buccalis Shah and Collins 1982
• 粪拟杆菌 Bacteroides caccae Johnson et al., 1986
• Bacteroides caecicola Irisawa et al., 2016
• Bacteroides caecigallinarum Saputra et al., 2015
• Bacteroides caecimuris Lagkouvardos et al., 2016
• 多毛拟杆菌 Bacteroides capillosus (Tissier 1908) Kelly 1957
• Bacteroides capillus Kornman and Holt 1982
• Bacteroides cellulosilyticus Robert et al., 2007
• 溶纤维素拟杆菌 Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al., 1984
• 毛丝鼠拟杆菌 Bacteroides chinchillae Kitahara et al., 2011
• Bacteroides clarus Watanabe et al., 2010
• Bacteroides coagulans Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
• Bacteroides coprocola Kitahara et al., 2005
• Bacteroides coprophilus Hayashi et al., 2007
• Bacteroides coprosuis Whitehead et al., 2005
• Bacteroides corporis Johnson and Holdeman 1983
• Bacteroides denticola Shah and Collins 1982
• Bacteroides disiens Holdeman and Johnson 1977
• Bacteroides distasonis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
• Bacteroides dorei Bakir et al., 2006
• 埃氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides eggerthii Holdeman and Moore 1974
• Bacteroides endodontalis van Steenbergen et al., 1984
• Bacteroides faecalis Yu et al., 2019
• Bacteroides faecichinchillae Kitahara et al., 2012
• Bacteroides faecis Kim et al., 2010
• Bacteroides faecium Kim et al. 2023^[2]
• Bacteroides finegoldii Bakir et al., 2006
• Bacteroides fluxus Watanabe et al., 2010
• 福赛斯拟杆菌 Bacteroides forsythus Tanner et al., 1986
• 脆弱拟杆菌 Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani et Chalmers 1919
• Bacteroides furcosus (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al., 1937
• Bacteroides galacturonicus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
• Bacteroides gallinaceus Irisawa et al., 2016，也拼作：Bacteroides gallinaceum
• Bacteroides gallinarum Lan et al., 2006
• Bacteroides gingivalis Coykendall et al., 1980
• Bacteroides goldsteinii Song et al., 2006
• 纤细拟杆菌 Bacteroides gracilis Tanner et al., 1981
• Bacteroides graminisolvens Nishiyama et al., 2009
• Bacteroides helcogenes Benno et al., 1983
• Bacteroides heparinolyticus Okuda et al., 1985
• 人脸拟杆菌 Bacteroides humanifaecis Kim et al. 2023^[3]
• Bacteroides hypermegas Harrison and Hansen 1963
• Bacteroides intermedius (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
• Bacteroides intestinalis Bakir et al., 2006
• 朝鲜拟杆菌 Bacteroides koreensis Shin et al., 2017
• Bacteroides kribbi Shin et al., 2017
• 利氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides levii (ex Holdeman et al., 1977) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
• Bacteroides loescheii Holdeman and Johnson 1982
• 卢洪洲拟杆菌 Bacteroides luhongzhouii Ge et al. 2021^[4]，以卢洪洲的名字命名
• Bacteroides luti Hatamoto et al., 2014
• Bacteroides macacae (Slots and Genco 1980) Coykendall et al., 1980
• 马赛拟杆菌 Bacteroides massiliensis Fenner et al., 2005
• 产黑色素拟杆菌 Bacteroides melaninogenicus (Oliver and Wherry 1921) Roy and Kelly 1939
• 屎拟杆菌 Bacteroides merdae Johnson et al., 1986
• 多形拟杆菌 Bacteroides multiformis Liu et al. 2021
• Bacteroides microfusus Kaneuchi and Mitsuoka 1978
• Bacteroides multiacidus Mitsuoka et al., 1974
• 鼠拟杆菌 Bacteroides muris Fokt et al. 2023^[5]
• Bacteroides nodosus (Beveridge 1941) Mraz 1963
• Bacteroides nordii Song et al., 2005，以卡尔·埃里克·诺德（Carl Erik Nord）的名字命名，他在厌氧细菌学和肠道细菌学方面做出了贡献
• Bacteroides ochraceus (Prévot et al., 1956) Holdeman and Moore 1972
• Bacteroides oleiciplenus Watanabe et al., 2010
• Bacteroides oralis Loesche et al., 1964
• Bacteroides oris Holdeman et al., 1982
• Bacteroides oulorum Shah et al., 1985
• 卵形拟杆菌 Bacteroides ovatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
• Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus Ueki et al., 2011
• Bacteroides pectinophilus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
• Bacteroides pentosaceus Shah and Collins 1982
• Bacteroides plebeius Kitahara et al., 2005
• 侵肺拟杆菌 Bacteroides pneumosintes (Olitsky and Gates 1921) Holdeman and Moore 1970
• Bacteroides polypragmatus Patel and Breuil 1982
• Bacteroides praeacutus (Tissier 1908) Holdeman and Moore 1970
• Bacteroides propionicifaciens Ueki et al., 2008
• Bacteroides putredinis (Weinberg et al., 1937) Kelly 1957
• Bacteroides pyogenes Benno et al., 1983
• Bacteroides reticulotermitis Sakamoto and Ohkuma 2013
• Bacteroides rhinocerotis Li et al. 2024^[6]
• Bacteroides rodentium Kitahara et al., 2011
• 赤拟杆菌 Bacteroides ruber
• Bacteroides ruminicola Bryant et al., 1958
• Bacteroides salanitronis Lan et al., 2006
• Bacteroides salivosus Love et al., 1987
• Bacteroides salyersae Song et al., 2005
• Bacteroides salyersiae corrig. Song et al., 2005
• Bacteroides sartorii Clavel et al., 2010
• Bacteroides splanchnicus Werner et al., 1975
• Bacteroides stercorirosoris Kitahara et al., 2012
• 粪便拟杆菌 Bacteroides stercoris Johnson et al., 1986
• Bacteroides succinogenes Hungate 1950
• 猪拟杆菌 Bacteroides suis Benno et al., 1983
• 隐蔽拟杆菌 Bacteroides tectum Love et al., 1986
• Bacteroides tectus corrig. Love et al., 1986
• Bacteroides termitidis (Sebald, 1962) Holdeman and Moore, 1970
• 多形拟杆菌 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Distaso 1912) Castellani et Chalmers 1919
• 帝汶拟杆菌 Bacteroides timonensis Ramasamy et al. 2014
• 同型拟杆菌 Bacteroides uniformis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933，单形拟杆菌
• 解脲拟杆菌 Bacteroides urealtyicus
• Bacteroides ureolyticus Jackson and Goodman 1978
• Bacteroides veroralis Watabe et al., 1983
• Bacteroides vicugnae ^[7]
• 普通拟杆菌 Bacteroides vulgatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
• Bacteroides xylanisolvens Chassard et al., 2008
• Bacteroides xylanolyticus Scholten-Koerselman et al., 1988
• 张文宏拟杆菌 Bacteroides zhangwenhongii Ge et al. 2021^[8]，以张文宏的名字命名
• Bacteroides zoogleoformans (Weinberg et al., 1937) Cato et al., 1982