愛德華·薩丕爾

愛德華·薩丕爾（德語：Edward Sapir，/səˈpɪər/，1884年1月26日—1939年2月4日）^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}，又譯沙皮尔^[2][3][4][5]、萨丕尔^[1][6]，生於普魯士王國倫堡（今屬波蘭），美国人类学家和语言学家^[1]。

愛德華·薩丕爾 Edward Sapir
出生	(1884-01-26)1884年1月26日 普魯士王國倫堡（今屬波蘭）
逝世	1939年2月4日(1939歲—02—04)（55歲）  美国康乃狄克州紐黑文市
民族	猶太人
公民权	美国
母校	哥倫比亞大學
知名于	美洲原住民語言的分類 薩丕爾-沃爾夫假說 人類語言學
科学生涯
研究领域	語言學、人類學
机构	芝加哥大學 加拿大文明博物馆 哥倫比亞大學 耶魯大學
论文	The Takelma language of southwestern Oregon（1909）
博士導師	法蘭茲·鮑亞士
博士生	瑪莉·哈斯（英语：Mary Haas） 李方桂 莫里斯·斯瓦迪士 哈利·霍耶（英语：Harry Hoijer）

生平

萨丕尔在德国出生。他1904年从哥伦比亚大学毕业。毕业以后两年，他参与了Wishram和Takelma语言的實地研究。萨丕尔在哥伦比亚的时候认识了他的恩师法蘭茲·鮑亞士。

他专门研究美洲原住民语言。曽指納-德内語系與漢藏語系同源。

萨丕尔曾在芝加哥大学和耶鲁大学任教，於1931年直至去世，他擔任耶魯大學人类学系的主席。他是首先考虑语言学与人类学之间的关系的语言学家之一。他的学生包括本杰明·李·沃夫、瑪莉·哈斯（英语：Mary Haas）、查爾斯·F·霍克特（英语：Charles F. Hockett）、哈利·霍耶（英语：Harry Hoijer）和李方桂。

他於1939年因心脏病而逝世，享年54歲。

薩丕爾部分著作

書籍

• Sapir, Edward. Herder's "Ursprung der Sprache". Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1907. ASIN: B0006CWB2W.
• Sapir, Edward. On the etymology of Sanskrit asru, Avestan asru, Greek dakru. Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji (编). Spiegel memorial volume. Papers on Iranian subjects written by various scholars in honour of the late Dr. Frederic Spiegel. Bombay: British India Press. 1908: 156–159.
• Sapir, Edward; Curtin, Jeremiah. Wishram texts, together with Wasco tales and myths. E.J. Brill. 1909. ISBN 0-404-58152-8. ASIN: B000855RIW.
• Sapir, Edward. Yana Texts. Berkeley University Press. 1910. ISBN 1-177-11286-8.
• Sapir, Edward. A sketch of the social organization of the Nass River Indians. Ottawa: Government Printing Office. 1915.
• Sapir, Edward. Noun reduplication in Comox, a Salish language of Vancouver island. Ottawa: Government Printing Office. 1915.
• Sapir, Edward. Time Perspective in Aboriginal American Culture, A Study in Method. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau. 1916.
• Sapir, Edward. Dreams and Gibes. Boston: The Gorham Press. 1917. ISBN 0-548-56941-X.
• Sapir, Edward. Language: An introduction to the study of speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. 1921 [2016-10-10]. ISBN 4-87187-529-6. ASIN: B000NGWX8I. （原始内容存档于2009-09-24）.
• Sapir, Edward; Swadesh, Morris. Nootka Texts: Tales and ethnological narratives, with grammatical notes and lexical materials. Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America. 1939. ISBN 0-404-11893-3. ASIN: B000EB54JC.
• Sapir, Edward. Mandelbaum, David , 编. Selected writings in language, culture and personality. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1949. ISBN 0-520-01115-5. ASIN: B000PX25CS.
• Sapir, Edward; Irvine, Judith. The psychology of culture: A course of lectures. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 2002. ISBN 978-3-11-017282-9.

論文或文章

• Sapir, Edward. Preliminary report on the language and mythology of the Upper Chinook. American Anthropologist. 1907, 9: 533–544. doi:10.1525/aa.1907.9.3.02a00100.
• Sapir, Edward. Some fundamental characteristics of the Ute language. Science. 1910, 31 (31): 350–352. doi:10.1126/science.31.792.350.
• Sapir, Edward. Some aspects of Nootka language and culture. American Anthropologist. 1911, 13: 15–28. doi:10.1525/aa.1911.13.1.02a00030.
• Sapir, Edward. The problem of noun incorporation in American languages. American Anthropologist. 1911, 13: 250–282. doi:10.1525/aa.1911.13.2.02a00060.
• Sapir, E. Southern Paiute and Nahuatl, a study in Uto-Aztekan. Journal de la Société des Américanistes. 1913, 10 (2): 379–425. doi:10.3406/jsa.1913.2866.
• Sapir, Edward. The Na-dene languages: a preliminary report. American Anthropologist. 1915, 17: 765–773. doi:10.1525/aa.1915.17.3.02a00080.
• Sapir, Edward. Do we need a superorganic?. American Anthropologist. 1917, 19: 441–447. doi:10.1525/aa.1917.19.3.02a00150.
• Sapir, Edward. The grammarian and his language. The American Mercury. 1924, (1): 149–155.
• Sapir, Edward. Culture, Genuine and Spurious. The American Journal of Sociology. 1924, 29 (4): 401–429. doi:10.1086/213616.
• Sapir, Edward. Memorandum on the problem of an international auxiliary language. The Romanic Review. 1925, (16): 244–256.
• Sapir, Edward. Sound patterns in language. Language. 1925, (1): 37–51. doi:10.2307/409004.
• Sapir, Edward. The function of an international auxiliary language. Romanic Review. 1931, (11): 4–15. （原始内容存档于2009-10-28）.
• Sapir, Edward. Internal linguistic evidence suggestive of the Northern origin of the Navaho. American Anthropologist. 1936, 38: 224–235. doi:10.1525/aa.1936.38.2.02a00040.
• Sapir, Edward. Grading: a study in semantics. Philosophy of Science. 1944, (11): 93–116. doi:10.1086/286828.
• Sapir, Edward. The relation of American Indian linguistics to general linguistics. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology. 1947, (1): 1–4.

自傳型著作

• Koerner, E. F. K.; Koerner, Konrad. Edward Sapir: Appraisals of his life and work. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 1985. ISBN 978-90-272-4518-2.
• Cowan, William; Foster, Michael K.; Koerner, Konrad. New perspectives in language, culture, and personality: Proceedings of the Edward Sapir Centenary Conference (Ottawa, 1–3 October 1984). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 1986. ISBN 90-272-4522-3.
• Darnell, Regna. Edward Sapir: linguist, anthropologist, humanist. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0-520-06678-6.
• Sapir, Edward; Bright, William. Southern Paiute and Ute: linguistics and ethnography. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 1992. ISBN 978-3-11-013543-5.
• Sapir, Edward; Darnell, Regna; Irvine, Judith T.; Handler, Richard. The collected works of Edward Sapir: culture. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 1999. ISBN 978-3-11-012639-6.

通信著作

• Sapir, Edward; Kroeber, Alfred L.; Golla (ed.), Victor. The Sapir–Kroeber correspondence: Letters between Edward Sapir and A.L. Kroeber 1905–1925 (PDF). Reports from the Survey of California and other Indian languages. 1984, 6: 1–509 [2016-10-10]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-03）.

相關條目

• 薩丕爾-沃夫假說
• 逻辑语