表皮生长因子受体

表皮生长因子受体（英語：epidermal growth factor receptor，简称为EGFR、ErbB-1或HER1）是一类名为表皮生长因子家族（EGF-家族）的细胞外蛋白配体的细胞表面受体^[2] 。

Epidermal growth factor receptor 表皮生长因子受体
表皮生长因子受体的胞外结构域与表皮生长因子结合的复合体，引自PDB1nql[1]
有效结构 PDB 直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查询代码列表 1IVO, 1M14, 1M17, 1MOX, 1NQL, 1XKK, 1YY9, 1Z9I, 2EB2, 2EB3, 2GS2, 2GS7, 2ITN, 2ITO, 2ITP, 2ITQ, 2ITT, 2ITU, 2ITV, 2ITW, 2ITX, 2ITY, 2ITZ, 2J5E, 2J5F, 2J6M, 2JIT, 2JIU, 2JIV, 2KS1, 2M0B, 2M20, 2RF9, 2RFD, 2RFE, 2RGP, 3B2U, 3B2V, 3BEL, 3BUO, 3C09, 3G5V, 3G5Y, 3GOP, 3GT8, 3IKA, 3LZB, 3NJP, 3OB2, 3OP0, 3P0Y, 3PFV, 3POZ, 3QWQ, 3UG1, 3UG2, 3VJN, 3VJO, 3VRP, 3VRR, 3W2O, 3W2P, 3W2Q, 3W2R, 3W2S, 3W32, 3W33, 4G5J, 4G5P, 4HJO, 4I1Z, 4I20, 4I21, 4I22, 4I23, 4I24, 4JQ7, 4JQ8, 4JR3, 4JRV, 4KRL, 4KRM, 4KRO, 4KRP, 4LI5, 4LL0
标识
代号	EGFR; ERBB; ERBB1; HER1; PIG61; mENA
扩展标识	遗传学：131550 鼠基因：95294 同源基因：74545 ChEMBL: 203 GeneCards: EGFR Gene
EC編號	2.7.10.1
基因本体论描述 分子功能 · double-stranded DNA binding · MAP kinase kinase kinase activity · protein tyrosine kinase activity · transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity · receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity · transmembrane signaling receptor activity · epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity · protein binding · ATP binding · enzyme binding · protein phosphatase binding · nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity · identical protein binding · protein heterodimerization activity · actin filament binding 细胞成分 · Golgi membrane · extracellular space · nucleus · cytoplasm · endosome · endoplasmic reticulum membrane · plasma membrane · endosome membrane · membrane · integral to membrane · basolateral plasma membrane · AP-2 adaptor complex · nuclear membrane · membrane raft · perinuclear region of cytoplasm · Shc-EGFR complex 生物过程 · MAPK cascade · activation of MAPKK activity · ossification · embryonic placenta development · hair follicle development · response to stress · signal transduction · cell surface receptor signaling pathway · epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway · activation of phospholipase C activity · axon guidance · salivary gland morphogenesis · cell proliferation · positive regulation of cell proliferation · fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway · cell-cell adhesion · cerebral cortex cell migration · positive regulation of cell migration · positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S · positive regulation of catenin import into nucleus · negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway · negative regulation of protein catabolic process · positive regulation of phosphorylation · activation of phospholipase A2 activity by calcium-mediated signaling · negative regulation of apoptotic process · positive regulation of MAP kinase activity · innate immune response · positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process · positive regulation of DNA repair · positive regulation of DNA replication · protein autophosphorylation · neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway · phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling · positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation · digestive tract morphogenesis · positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation · regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation · regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity · protein insertion into membrane · positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade · morphogenesis of an epithelial fold · response to UV-A Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
更多表达数据
直系同源体
物种	人类	小鼠
Entrez	1956	13649
Ensembl	ENSG00000146648	ENSMUSG00000020122
UniProt	P00533	Q01279
mRNA序列	NM_005228	NM_007912
蛋白序列	NP_005219	NP_031938
基因位置	Chr 7: 55.09 – 55.32 Mb	Chr 11: 16.75 – 16.92 Mb
PubMed查询	[1]	[2]
查 论 编

表皮生长因子受体是ErbB受体家族家族的成员之一，ErbB家族是包含四种紧密联系蛋白的亚家族，这四种蛋白分别是受体酪氨酸激酶类：EGFR（ErbB-1）、HER2/c-neu（ErbB-2）、Her 3（ErbB-3）以及Her 4（ErbB-4）。影响EGFR表达或活性的突变可能导致癌症^[3]。

表皮生长因子及其受体是由范德堡大学的斯坦利·科恩发现的，科恩与丽塔·列维-蒙塔尔奇尼因发现生长因子类而共同获得了1986年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

功能

EGFR信号传导级联

表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）存在于细胞表面且因结合特异性受体而被活化，这些受体包括表皮生长因子和转化生长因子-α。ErbB2并无已知的直接活化配体，可能结构性地处于活化状态，或在与如EGFR等其他家族成员形成异源二聚体时被活化。 除了參與正常的生理功能之外，EGFR在癌症中同樣扮演了重要的角色，以非小細胞性肺癌(NSCLC)為例，在全球患有非小細胞性肺癌的病患中，高達20%都表現了EGFR基因的突變，所以目前的藥物多朝向EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor去做設計，以期達到治療的效果。 ^[4] 目前發現具有EGFR突變型的NSCLC癌細胞會對tyrosine kinase inhibitor產生抗藥作用，這個抗藥作用可能來自於其中細胞大量的endothelin表現，進而使腫瘤組織血管收縮，降低了抗癌藥物的灌流，產生類似抗藥性的效果。 ^[5]