PTEN (基因)

磷酸酯酶与张力蛋白同源物（英語：Phosphatase and tensin homolog，简称为PTEN）是一种在人体中由PTEN基因编码的蛋白质^[2]。该基因的突变是多种癌症进展过程的环节之一。

磷酸酯酶与张力蛋白同源物
人PTEN的晶体结构图。N-端磷酸酯酶结构域以蓝色表示而C-端C2结构域以红色表示[1]。
有效结构 PDB 直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查询代码列表 1D5R​, 2KYL​
标识
代号	PTEN; 10q23del; BZS; CWS1; DEC; GLM2; MHAM; MMAC1; PTEN1; TEP1
扩展标识	遗传学：601728 鼠基因：109583 同源基因：265 GeneCards: PTEN Gene
EC編號	3.1.3.16, 3.1.3.48, 3.1.3.67
基因本体论描述 分子功能 · magnesium ion binding · phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase activity · phosphoprotein phosphatase activity · protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity · protein tyrosine phosphatase activity · protein binding · protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity · lipid binding · anaphase-promoting complex binding · phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity · enzyme binding · protein kinase binding · PDZ domain binding · inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity · phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity 细胞成分 · nucleus · cytoplasm · cytosol · plasma membrane · internal side of plasma membrane · PML body · myelin sheath adaxonal region · cell projection · neuron projection · Schmidt-Lanterman incisure 生物过程 · regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity · angiogenesis · negative regulation of protein phosphorylation · regulation of B cell apoptotic process · protein dephosphorylation · phospholipid metabolic process · phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process · apoptotic process · induction of apoptosis · activation of mitotic anaphase-promoting complex activity · epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway · neuron-neuron synaptic transmission · synapse assembly · central nervous system development · heart development · learning or memory · locomotory behavior · cell proliferation · positive regulation of cell proliferation · negative regulation of cell proliferation · fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway · regulation of neuron projection development · negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade · cell migration · dentate gyrus development · central nervous system neuron axonogenesis · negative regulation of cell migration · negative regulation of myelination · regulation of protein stability · negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S · central nervous system myelin maintenance · regulation of cellular component size · regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process · multicellular organismal response to stress · social behavior · peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation · maternal behavior · negative regulation of apoptotic process · protein kinase B signaling cascade · endothelial cell migration · inositol phosphate metabolic process · small molecule metabolic process · innate immune response · locomotor rhythm · negative regulation of cell size · negative regulation of organ growth · inositol phosphate dephosphorylation · phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation · neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway · phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling · cardiac muscle tissue development · forebrain morphogenesis · brain morphogenesis · negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation · negative regulation of axonogenesis · protein stabilization · T cell receptor signaling pathway · positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity · negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly · negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade · rhythmic synaptic transmission · canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway · synapse maturation · prepulse inhibition · male mating behavior · long-term synaptic potentiation · prostate gland growth · dendritic spine morphogenesis · negative regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis · negative regulation of ribosome biogenesis · negative regulation of cell aging · negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential · presynaptic membrane assembly · postsynaptic density assembly · positive regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process · negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle · positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential · negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源体
物种	人类	小鼠
Entrez	5728	19211
Ensembl	ENSG00000171862	ENSMUSG00000013663
UniProt	P60484	O08586
mRNA序列	NM_000314	NM_008960
蛋白序列	NP_000305	NP_032986
基因位置	Chr 10: 89.62 – 89.73 Mb	Chr 19: 32.76 – 32.83 Mb
PubMed查询	[1]	[2]
查 论 编

PTEN通过其磷酸酯酶蛋白产物而行使一种抑癌基因的作用。这一磷酸酯酶参与了细胞周期的调节，阻止细胞过快地生长与分裂^[3]。其为癌微RNAMIRN21的靶之一。

该基因被鉴定为一种肿瘤抑制物，在多种癌症中往往处于变异状态。该基因编码的蛋白质是一种磷脂酰肌醇-3,4,5-三磷酸3-磷酸酯酶。该蛋白同时含有一张力蛋白样结构域及一催化结构域，这与双特异性蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶很相似。但与大部分蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶不同的是，该蛋白偏好脱去磷酸肌醇底物上的磷酸。该蛋白负性调控胞内磷脂酰肌醇-3,4,5-三磷酸的水平，并通过负性调控Akt/PKB信号通道发挥抑癌基因的作用^[4]。