aver

參見：avér、avēr、avêr、avër 和 a ver

英語

詞源1

繼承自中古英語 averren^[1]，源自古法語 averer，源自早期中世紀拉丁語 advērō，派生自拉丁語 vērus (“真的”)。對照現代法語 avérer。

發音

• (標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助): /əˈvɜː/

• 音頻 (南英格蘭)：

  (檔案)

• (通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /əˈvɝ/
• 韻部：-ɜː(ɹ)

動詞

aver (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 avers，現在分詞 averring，簡單過去時和過去分詞 averred)

1. (及物、不及物) 斷言，堅稱
   • 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，“Causes of Heroicall Loue, Temperature, Full Diet, Idlenesse, Place, Climat, &c.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 3, section 2, member 2, subsection 1，頁 209:

     A rare thing to ſee a yong man or woman, that liues idlely, and fares well, of what condition ſoeuer, not to bee in loue. Vbicumqꝫ ſecuritas, ibi libido dominatur, luſt & ſecurity domineere together, as S^t Hierome auerreth.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1660，Samuel Fisher，“[Rusticus ad Academicos in Exercitationibus Expostulatoriis, Apologeticis Quatuor. The Rustick’s Alarm to the Rabbies: Or, The Country Correcting the University and Clergy, and (Not without Good Cause) Contesting for the Truth, against the Nursing Mothers and Their Children. In Four Apologetical and Expostulatory Exercitations; [...]] The Third Apologetical, and Expostulatory Exercitation”, in The Testimony of Truth Exalted, […]，[London?]: [s.n.], 出版於 1679, →OCLC, chapter I，頁 411:

     Now as to the Scriptures being the Word of God, and evidently known to be ſo, or evidencing themſelves to be ſo, and that of right, and properly they are to be ſo called; all which thou J. O. very abſolutely averreſt, […]

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

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   • 1701，Lawrence Smith，“[First Discourse on 2 Timothy 1:10]”, in The Evidence of Things Not Seen: Or, The Immortality of the Human Soul, and the Separate Condition thereof in the Other World, Asserted and Made Manifest: […]，London: […] Thomas Speed, […], →OCLC，頁 1:

     [T]he partial Infidel […] averreth the Sleep or Inſenſibility of the Soul both in good and bad perſons，源自the time of their Deceaſe hence until their Reſurrection; […]

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

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   • 1939年8月25日，“Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead”, in Yip Harburg 作詞, Harold Arlen 作曲, The Wizard of Oz (soundtrack), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer:

     As Coroner, I must aver, I thoroughly examined her. / And she's not only merely dead, she's really most sincerely dead.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1997，Frederick W. Case, Jr., Roberta B. Case，“The North American Trilliums”, in Trilliums，Portland, Or.: Timber Press, →ISBN，頁 109:

     Horticulturalist Richard Lighty has a form [of Trillium grandiflorum] that he avers to open almost a cerise-red.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2007年7月26日，European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section)，Peev v. Bulgaria (Application no. 64209/01)‎^[1]，Strasbourg, paragraph 19:

     In the meantime, on 5 June 2000, the applicant had brought a civil action against the Prosecutor's Office. He alleged that the termination of his contract had been unlawful and sought reinstatement and compensation for loss of salary. He averred, inter alia, that the climate in the Supreme Cassation Prosecutor's Office had deteriorated as a result of the actions of the Chief Prosecutor.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2019年4月14日，Alex McLevy，“Winter is Here on Game of Thrones’ Final Season Premiere (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club‎^[2]，存檔自the original on 18 December 2020:

     [W]hen Yara tells him he picked the losing side, he avers that he might just as soon head back to the Iron Islands—"But first, I'm gonna fuck the queen" [...]

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. (及物、不及物，法律) 證明或證實（某人提出的指控或請求）
3. (及物，棄用) 承認、證明或證實（某事物）的存在或发生，或提出这样做
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   • 1841 December，R[ichard] R[obert] Madden，“Address on Slavery in Cuba, Presented to the General Anti-slavery Convention”, in The Churchman’s Monthly Review，London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside; and sold by L. and G. Seeley, […], →OCLC，頁 705:

     [A]lthough thou averrest this, and averrest it truly, we are nevertheless constrained to plead guilty to the possession of so much of this sensibility [a refusal to hear details] (call it "sickly" if thou wilt) as that they case once proved, our feeling of duty refuses to sustain us any longer against that combined and overwhelming influence of shattered nerves and a sickened heart.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

變位

aver的變位

不定式	(to) aver
	現在時	過去式
第一人稱單數	aver	averred
第二人稱單數	aver, averrest1	averred, averredst1
第三人稱單數	avers, averreth1	averred
複數	aver
虛擬語氣	aver
祈使語氣	aver	—
分詞	averring	averred

¹古舊或棄用。

近義詞

• (堅稱)： swear

派生詞彙

• averrable
• averral
• averred (adjective)
• averrer
• unaverred

相關詞彙

• averment

詞源2

繼承自中古英語 aver、avere (“役马；泛指任何驮畜；所有物、财物、财产、财富；富有；所有权、占有权”) [以及其他形式]^[2][3]：

• 源自古法語 aver、aveir、avoir (“财产，财物；（统称）驮兽；家畜；牛”)（現代法語 avoir (“资产，财产”)），源自 aveir、avoir (“有”)，源自拉丁語 habēre^[4]，habeō (“拥有，持有，佔有”) 的現在主動不定式，源自原始印歐語 *gʰeh₁bʰ-, *ǵʰeh₁bʰ- (“抓，拿”)；或
• 繼承自古英語 eafor (“驮马；佃户运输货物的义务”)，進一步的詞源未知。^[2]

發音

• (標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈeɪvə/
  • 同音詞：Ava
• (通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈeɪvɚ/

名詞

aver (複數 avers)

1. (英國，方言，古舊) 馱畜；主要指役馬，但也可指公牛或其他動物
2. (北英格蘭，蘇格蘭，方言，古舊) 老馬，駑馬
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