February 17, 1905: Grand Duke Sergius, Moscow's Governor-General, assassinated when a bomb is thrown into his horse-drawn carriageFebruary 23, 1905: Rotary Club, now Rotary International, foundedThe remains of the Grand Duke's carriage
U.S. Senator John H. Mitchell of Oregon was indicted by a federal grand jury on charges arising from a scandal involving land grants in the state and illegally using his influence for private clients.[1] On July 3, he would be found guilty of receiving compensation illegally for representation against the federal government but would die before an appeal of his conviction could be decided.
Pyotr Sviatopolk-Mirsky, referred to in the press as "Prince Mirsky", resigned as the Russian Interior Minister.[1]
Russia and Germany signed a treaty, with the Russians accepting the 1902 Brussels Sugar Convention and promising that no restrictions would be place on Jewish salesmen.[1]
Russia's cabinet of ministers recommended to Tsar Nicholas II that an elected legislature should be created to allow a public voice in the nation's government.[1]
Died: Mabel Cahill, 41, Irish tennis champion and the first woman to win another nation's title in tennis, died of tuberculosis of the larynx. Starting with the 1891 U.S. national tennis championship for women, in singles and doubles and mixed doubles, she repeated the feat in 1892.[3]
A hut built by one of the castaways from the Anjou
The French ship Anjou was wrecked off of the coast of the uninhabited Auckland Island, located 290 miles (470km) from the nearest inhabited land in New Zealand, the South Island. While Captain Raphaël Le Tallec and the crew of 22 men was able to reach shore, the castaways lived on the isle for more than three months until being rescued on May 7 by the government steamer NZGSS Hinemoa.[6][7]
Chancellor Soisalon
Eliel Soisalon-Soininen, the Chancellor of Justice of the Grand Duchy of Finland (at the time part of the Russian Empire) was assassinated at Helsingfors (now Helsinki).[1] Lennart Hohenthal, who had dressed as a Russian Army officer, walked past police and was guided by the Chancellor's bodyguard into the office. Hohenthal fired eight shots at Soisalon, two of which struck the Chancellor and killed him.
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt signed into law a measure providing for construction of railroads in the Philippines.[1]
The U.S. Senate passed a bill providing for the admission for statehood of the Indian Territory (as Oklahoma) and for what are now New Mexico and Arizona as a single "State of New Mexico".[1]
Born:
Ulf von Euler, Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist, 1970 Nobel Prize laureate for his work on neurotransmitters; in Stockholm (d. 1983)
The results of the electoral vote in the 1904 U.S. presidential election were certified, by U.S. Senator William P. Frye of Maine, in his capacity as president pro tempore of the Senate, in that the office of Vice President of the United States was vacant. Frye declared that 336 electoral votes had been cast for the Republican nominees, U.S. President Roosevelt and Charles W. Fairbanks for president and vice president, and 140 for Democratic nominees Alton Brooks Parker and Henry Gassaway Davis.[1]
France announced that it would provide no further loans to Turkey.[1]
In New York City, Dr. Prince A. Morrow, a dermatologist and hygienist, began the movement in the U.S. for sex education, with the founding of the first "social hygiene" organization, the Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis.[9] The Society would merge with other organizations in 1910 to become the American Federation for Sex Hygiene, with Morrow as president.[10]
J. N. Williamson, one of the two U.S. representatives for Oregon, was indicted on charges arising from the Oregon land fraud scandal.[1] He would be convicted of political corruption and the illegal acquisition of public lands, but the conviction would be overturned in 1908 by the United States Supreme Court in Williamson v. United States.
Died: Marcel Schwob, 37, influential French symbolist short-story writer, died of pneumonia.
Oregon's other U.S. Representative, Binger Hermann, was indicted for collusion of a land deal in the Blue Mountain Forest Reserve and for destroying public documents.[1] He would not be convicted of either charge.
Terrorists of Russia's Combat Organization called off a planned assassination of Moscow's Governor General, Grand Duke Sergei, who was taking his family to a concert at the Bolshoi Theatre, after seeing that Sergei and his wife were accompanied by two children.
Died: U.S. Army General Lew Wallace, 77, American officer, civil servant, diplomat and writer known for the bestselling novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (b. 1827).[15] He also served as Governor of the New Mexico Territory (1878-1881) and the U.S. Minister to the Ottoman Empire (1881-1885), and is the only novelist whose statue is displayed in the U.S. Capitol.
Six of the 11 crew of the Royal Navy submarine HMS A5 were killed by a pair of explosions caused by gasoline fumes, after the sub stopped at the HaulbowlineBase in Ireland.
Died: Jay Cooke, 83, American financier whose Jay Cooke & Company helped finance the Union war effort during the American Civil War and the postwar development of the Northern Pacific Railway in the northwestern United States
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, the Governor-General of Moscow and uncle of Tsar Nicholas II, was assassinated when a nitroglycerin bomb was thrown into the carriage in which he was riding.[16] As the carriage was being driven by Andrei Rudinkin through the gate of Nikolskaya Tower of the Kremlin, anarchist Ivan Kalyayev stepped forward and threw the bomb directly into Sergei's lap. The explosion blast disintegrated the carriage and the Grand Duke. Driver Rudinkin and assassin Kalyayev were both injured, with Rudinkin dying three days later.[17]
The first public demonstration of judo in the United States was given at Princeton University as Japanese judokas Tsunejiro Tomita and Mitsuyo Maeda threw two challengers, Princeton Tigers football player N. B. Tooker, and Princeton instructor Samuel Feagles. Baltimore Sun, February 18, 1905. A second demonstration took place four days later at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. [18]
At Fremantle, Australia, the RMSOrizaba was wrecked, but all 160 passengers and the mail were saved.
The Saint Petersburg Imperial University closed early by vote of the students, professors and directors, due to the unrest within the Russian capital. The closure resolution included a demand for a constituent assembly.[16]
Sir Wilfrid Laurier introduced a resolution in the Canadian parliament proposing that two new provinces, Alberta and Saskatchewan, be created out of the Northwest Territories.[16]
The United Kingdom House of Commons voted against passing the proposed resolution by MP John Redmond of Ireland to declare that he British government was opposed to the will of the Irish people. The with the amendment failing, 236 to 286.[16]
The Rotary International service club was founded in the U.S. by Chicago attorney Paul P. Harris, who brought three other businessmen (mining engineer Gustave Loehr coal merchant Silvester Schiele, and tailor Hiram E. Shorey) to a meeting at Loehr's office in the Unity Building at 127 North Dearborn Street, with the original idea that " professionals with diverse backgrounds could exchange ideas."[20]
Alcide Laurin became the first known ice hockey player to be killed during a game. Laurine, a 24-year-old player for the playing for the Alexandria Crescents was beaten to death with a hockey stick by during a game at Maxville, Ontario by Maxville's Allan Loney.[21] Loney became the first ice hockey player to be charged with murdering another player during a game, but was tried for manslaughter and was acquitted.
The Panama Canal Commission of the U.S. unanimously recommended construction of a sea-level canal across the Isthmus of Panama, and estimated that it could be completed within 12 years at a cost of $230,500,000.[16]
In the Russo-Japanese War, the Russians sustained a severe defeat in Manchuria at Tsen-ho-Cheng.[16]
Jane Stanford, the co-founder with her husband Leland of Stanford University, was fatally poisoned while visiting the Moana Hotel in Hawaii. Although a coroner's jury determined that she had been murdered after having strychnine introduced to her in a bicarbonate of soda, but no charges were brought. A historian would conclude later that Mrs. Stanford had been poisoned by her personal secretary, Bertha Berner, who had been present at an earlier incident of poisoning on January 14.[22]
Adolf Bastian and the Psychic Unity of Mankind: The Foundations of Anthropology in Nineteenth Century Germany. University of Queensland Press. 1983. p.27.
Maurice A. Bigelow, Sex-Education: A Series of Lectures Concerning Knowledge of Sex and Its Relation to Human Life (The Macmillan Company, 1916) p. 227
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