Nine-dash line
Contested Chinese map of South China Sea / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The nine-dash line, also referred to as the eleven-dash line by Taiwan, is a set of line segments on various maps that accompanied the claims of the People's Republic of China (PRC, "mainland China") and the Republic of China (ROC, "Taiwan") in the South China Sea.[1] The contested area includes the Paracel Islands,[lower-alpha 1] the Spratly Islands,[lower-alpha 2][2] the Pratas Island and the Vereker Banks, the Macclesfield Bank, and the Scarborough Shoal. Certain places have undergone land reclamation by the PRC, ROC, and Vietnam.[3][4][5] The People's Daily of the PRC uses the term Duànxùxiàn (断续线) or Nánhǎi Duànxùxiàn (南海断续线; lit. 'South Sea intermittent line'), while the ROC government uses the term Shíyīduàn xiàn (十一段線; lit. 'eleven-segment line').[6][7]
Nine-dash line | |||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 九段線 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 九段线 | ||||||
Literal meaning | nine-segment line | ||||||
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Eleven-dash line | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 十一段線 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 十一段线 | ||||||
Literal meaning | eleven-segment line | ||||||
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Vietnamese name | |||||||
Vietnamese alphabet | Đường chín đoạn | ||||||
Literal meaning | nine-segment line | ||||||
A 1946 map showing a U-shaped eleven-dash line was first published by the Republic of China government on 1 December 1947.[8] In 1952, Mao Zedong of the PRC decided to remove two of the dashes in the Gulf of Tonkin amid warming ties with North Vietnam.[9][10] However, the ROC government still uses the eleven-dash line.[11][7] In 2013, some were surprised by a tenth dash to the east of Taiwan, but it had been present in PRC maps since as early as 1984.[12][13] As of 2014[update], the PRC government had not clarified what it specifically claims in the map.[13]
On 12 July 2016, an arbitral tribunal organized under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) concluded that China had not exercised exclusive and continuous control over the area and that certain features lie within the exclusive economic zone of the Philippines, although it was not able to rule on matters of territorial sovereignty and maritime delimitation.[14][16][17] Over 20 governments have called for the ruling to be respected.[18][19] It was rejected by eight governments, including China (PRC) and Taiwan (ROC).[20][21]