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Events from the year 1779 in Canada.
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Congress concurs with committee that argues U.S. lacks financial, supply and strategic strength to undertake with France "the Emancipation of Canada"[2]
"That is the place where the hart of Canada was broke before" - Gen. Washington is told Lake Ontario, Niagara and Detroit are vulnerable to U.S. attack[3]
Washington summons Maj. Gen. Sullivan to go over plan for "an Expedition of an extensive nature agt the hostile tribes of the Indians of the six Nations"[4]
Schuyler receives word that Joseph Brant "is gone with a very large Belt of Wampum to the seven Tribes in Canada" to recruit them for attack on Oswego[5]
Intelligence says Onondaga "seem determined to make peace with the United States" and that Cayuga party is on its way to confer with Oneida[6]
Intelligence from Canada claims "Canadians being much Oppress’d wish to be delivered from British Bondage; the Abenaques of St Francis wish likewise"[7]
Wampum message from Canada to Penobscot and "St Johns" Indigenous people: reject Americans, "for Powder & Balls has No Respect to Persons"[8]
Washington believes Six Nations will seek peace only as long as they feel fear, and intends "to punish them severely [and] intimidate them in future"[9]
Onondaga non-combatants coming to Oneida while warriors attack British to prove loyalty, hoping "to repossess their Country after the Close of the War"[10]
Joseph Brant warns people of Sussex County, New Jersey that all who do not join him will be considered enemies, and he will "lay the Country waste"[11]
Orders to Sullivan for "total destruction and devastation" of British-allied Six Nations' settlements and crops, even to "prevent their planting more"[12]
"Colonel Louis the Indian" back from Kahnawake with word that Brant failed to recruit there and that 1,000 Odawa and Ojibwe would attack U.S. frontier[13]
In undated speech, Gov. Haldimand upbraids and threatens war on Oneida for turning against Britain and its Indigenous allies in Six Nations[14]
Sullivan describes beautifully situated Chemung village's chapel, houses and fields of crops before all are cheerfully "destroyed root and branch"[15]
After long account of battle in Seneca country, Sullivan describes "Fields of the best Corn and Beans so extensive" as took army all day to destroy[16]
Sullivan's thorough scorched earth campaign extends to Chenussio, "the grand Capital of the Indian Country," then turns toward Cayuga territory[17]
"Total ruin of the Indian territories" - Sullivan reports destruction of Indigenous people's crops, orchards and towns near lakes Seneca and Cayuga[18]
Pro-British Indigenous forces superior (20 scalps to 1) to "rebel Indians" in New York, and John Johnson bringing 1,000 troops and all "Canada Indians"[19]
"Sullivan and his swarm of locusts" are "demolishing the Indian crops and wigwams," but John Butler and Brant may retaliate along Mohawk River[20]
Molly Brant says Indigenous allies from Canada feel Guy Johnson takes "more Notice of those that are Suspected than them that are known to be Loyal"[21]
Col. Moses Hazen says Canadians "utterly Refused" active service and clergy "Avoiding as much as Possible entering into the grand Political Dispute"[22]
Crown agrees that Peter Livius was improperly dismissed as Quebec chief justice after he complained that Guy Carleton created illegal "Privy Council"[23]
Montreal snowfall comes after six months without rain, when flour mills at Terrebonne and Sault-au-Récollet lacked enough water to turn wheels[24]
"Artful management of rapacious and designing Men" keeps price of wheat and flour high and forces extension of ban on exporting them and biscuit[25]
Royal Navy commanding officer on St. Lawrence River tells shipwrights and caulkers hiding from impressment they will be free to go after employment[26]
Rewards of $10 each for "Negro Lad" and "Wench," she very fluent in English and French and has her apparel (black satin cloak, caps, bonnets, etc.)[27]
Missing from ship Susannah "a black Boy" named John Thompson, born in Spanish Town, Jamaica; whoever returns him will receive 1 guinea reward[28]
Reward ($10) for "Negro Slave named Ishmaël," about 35, hair black, long and curly, and "tone of voice peculiar to New-England, where he was born"[29]
Former surgeon's mate in Quebec City general hospital informs ship captains that he will treat sick and hurt sailors "with the greatest tenderness"[30]
"An Institution so peculiarly useful in this Country" - Subscription begun for Quebec City public library, favoured by both governor and bishop[31]
List of 68 publicans and retailers with liquor licences in Quebec City, of whom 11 have shops and 6 have women's names[32]
"Unpublished" Nova Scotia act allows government to borrow up to £5,000 for armed ships to protect coast[33]
"Unpublished" Nova Scotia act supports "more effectual" confiscation of land and other property of persons who have left to join rebellion[34]
Recommending construction of road from Penobscot River to St. John River, Congressional committee summarizes Nova Scotians' efforts to join U.S.A.[35]
Intelligence reports say Acadians "Warmly Attached to the American cause;" so are "Indians[...]but are[...]Receiving very Great Supplys from the Enemy"[36]
In Council and House of Assembly, Lt. Gov. Hughes reports reestablishing peace with Indigenous peoples, who have ended 1776 alliance with rebels[37]
Recent riot on Halifax wharf prompts repeat of proclamation forbidding impressment or searching for deserters without civil authority permission[38]
While entering Halifax harbour on stormy night, sloop-of-war and armed ship collide and sink, with about 170 lost, including all but 3 on warship[39]
"State of People's mind's in this place is disagreable enough" - Thousands of rumours, many of them false, breed constant uncertainty and suspense[40]
JPs are to fully enforce ban on gaming ("Cards, Dice, &c.") because "the Fortunes of many have been ruined, and the Lives of many Persons lost"[41]
Printer raises price of Nova Scotia Gazette because of "the extraordinary high Price of every necessary of Life as well of Stock and Materials"[42]
Fighting words in reply to Boston-published report of "gasconading" Nova Scotian saying Haligonians openly favour "American Cause"[43]
Advertisement for people who can supply 15,000 lb. of fresh beef to Navy ships and yard in Halifax[44]
Plaintiff "Elizabeth Watson alias Phillis a Negro Woman" loses case to William Proud, who may "Recover and hold [her] as the property and Slave of him"[45]
"Yeoman" sells to tanner for £50 "Negro Boy Named Abram now about twelve Years of age who was Born of my Negro slave in my House in Maryland"[46]
For sale: "Negro Wench, about 21 Years of Age who is capable of performing both Town and Country house Work, she is an exceeding good Cook[....]"[47]
"An Epitaph lately taken from a Grave Stone at Annapolis" (Note: racial stereotypes)[48]
Frederick Goget warns all against hiding his wife, Mary, who has "eloped from my Bed and board[...]because, she says, that I am poor, which is false"[49]
Real estate of late Jonathan Belcher for sale, including 1,000-acre farm at Windsor with some "of the best Dyke Land in the Country" and Halifax dwelling[50]
"Many, particularly the French Acadians" are accused of cutting and taking timber and grass on east shore of Halifax harbour and warned of prosecution[51]
To reduce accidents from "negligent and disorderly" riding or cart or sleigh driving, ordinance calls for fine, labour on highways, or "stripes"[52]
"Wanted. A Woman with a good Breast of Milk, to live in a Family."[53]
St. John's Island family has little success in cattle, as high prices keep demand low, they have few cows fit for market, and bear has killed two[54]
To improve horse breeding, no stallions over 1-year-old will be allowed to roam; also, no "partridges" to be killed in breeding season[55]
With decline of Newfoundland fishery, objection arises to Palliser-inspired law requiring ships be British-built, offering paltry bounties to fishers, etc.[56]
"Without windows, without chimnies, the light of heaven coming in the same hole which lets out the smoke" - Marston finds Quidi Vidi's houses miserable[57]
Officer at St. John's happy to buy armed brig on which his recruits can escape "an Island destitute of every necessary support whatever for our Men"[58]
Newfoundland Volunteers enlists 200 men who agree to "learn the use of Arms with the utmost Assiduity, [when] care of ourselves & families will allow"[59]
Navy frigate on Newfoundland convoy takes French privateer and distributes its sailors across convoy in swap for merchant hands to man prize[60]
In Labrador, George Cartwright avoids mutiny over food with threats and convincing staff to eat fox, which saves salt pork and thus averts starvation[61]
"Painful necessity of inflicting corporal punishment" - Cartwright lashes worker until he faints, after man had threatened him with hatchet[62]
Cartwright says Mrs. Selby was unfaithful to him with trapper (whose offer to swear oath he refuses (later he confesses)); also disowns her new baby[63]
Having tamed caribou calf after killing its mother, Cartwright details his impressions of species based on much observation of them[64]
Cartwright has knowledge of polar bears, including their going far inland where they catch only porcupines and small fish, and elsewhere eat seaweed[65]
Cartwright finds wolverine has gone six miles with his 8-lb. trap on one foot by carrying it in its mouth and running on three legs[66]
Traders west of Lake Superior establish North-West Company "for their common safety in a country where they had no protection from their Government"[67]
Hudson's Bay Company sloop at Churchill prepared for voyage with caulking, tarring, painting, overhauling etc. in unusually cold June and July[68]
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