Events from the year 1839 in Canada.
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- February 15 – Chevalier DeLorimier and others who joined in the Rebellion are executed.
- April 11 – Death of John Galt, novelist, one of the originators of the British American Land Company.
- June 24 – Last meeting of the Committee of Trade, forerunner of the Board of Trade.
- September 19 – Opening of the Albion Mines Railway in Nova Scotia, an early Canadian steam-driven mining railway[2]
- September 26 – Canadian rebels are transported to New South Wales.
- October 19 – Charles Thomson, Governor of Upper and Lower Canada, arrives. It is determined that Upper and Lower Canada shall share revenue in the ratio of 2 to 3.
Full date unknown
- Lord Durham's report recommends the establishment of responsible government and the union of Upper and Lower Canada to speed the assimilation of French-speaking Canadians.
- Territorial disputes between lumbermen from Maine and New Brunswick lead to armed conflict in the Aroostook River valley (the Aroostook War).
- First Horse Railway in Upper Canada.
- Mount Allison University founded by Charles Frederick Allison in Sackville, New Brunswick.
- January 1 – Annie L. Jack, author
- January 29 – Élie Saint-Hilaire, educator, farmer and politician (died 1888)
- May 8 – Adolphe-Basile Routhier, judge, author and lyricist (died 1920)
- May 31 – Louis-Alphonse Boyer, politician (died 1916)
- October 8 – George Edwin King, jurist, politician and 2nd Premier of New Brunswick (died 1901)
- September 17 – Antonin Nantel, priest, teacher, school administrator, and author (died 1929)
- November 16 – Louis-Honoré Fréchette, poet, politician, playwright and short story writer (died 1908)