Ammonium nitrate
Chemical compound with formula NH4NO3 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
Ammonium nitrate | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.026.680 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |
UN number | 0222 – with > 0.2% combustible substances 1942 – with ≤ 0.2% combustible substances 2067 – fertilizers 2426 – liquid |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
NH4NO3 | |
Molar mass | 80.043 g/mol |
Appearance | white crystalline solid |
Density | 1.725 g/cm3 (20 °C) |
Melting point | 169.6 °C (337.3 °F; 442.8 K) |
Boiling point | approx. 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) decomposes |
Endothermic 118 g/100 ml (0 °C) 150 g/100 ml (10 °C) 192 g/100 ml (20 °C) 297 g/100 ml (40 °C) 410 g/100 ml (60 °C) 576 g/100 ml (80 °C) 1024 g/100 ml (100 °C)[1] | |
−33.6×10−6 cm3/mol | |
Structure | |
orthorhombic[2] | |
Explosive data | |
Shock sensitivity | very low |
Friction sensitivity | very low |
Detonation velocity | 2500 m/s |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Explosive, Oxidizer |
GHS labelling: | |
Danger | |
H201, H271, H319 | |
P220, P221, P264, P271, P280, P372 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) |
2085–5300 mg/kg (oral in rats, mice)[3] |
Related compounds | |
Other anions |
Ammonium nitrite |
Other cations |
Sodium nitrate Potassium nitrate Hydroxylammonium nitrate |
Related compounds |
Ammonium perchlorate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula NH4NO3. It is a white crystalline salt consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, although it does not form hydrates. It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer.[5]
Its other major use is as a component of explosive mixtures used in mining, quarrying, and civil construction. It is the major constituent of ANFO, a popular industrial explosive which accounts for 80% of explosives used in North America; similar formulations have been used in improvised explosive devices.
Many countries are phasing out its use in consumer applications due to concerns over its potential for misuse.[6] Accidental ammonium nitrate explosions have killed thousands of people since the early 20th century.[6][7] Global production was estimated at 21.6 million tonnes in 2017.[8] By 2021, global production of ammonium nitrate was down to 16.7 million tonnes.[7]