Furfural
Chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Furfural is an organic compound with the formula C4H3OCHO. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often brown. It has an aldehyde group attached to the 2-position of furan. It is a product of the dehydration of sugars, as occurs in a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust. The name furfural comes from the Latin word furfur, meaning bran, referring to its usual source. Furfural is only derived from dryed biomass. In addition to ethanol, acetic acid, and sugar, furfural is one of the oldest organic chemicals available readily purified from natural precursors.[6]
Quick Facts Names, Identifiers ...
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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Furan-2-carbaldehyde | |||
Other names
Furfural, furan-2-carboxaldehyde, fural, furfuraldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, pyromucic aldehyde | |||
Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.389 | ||
KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |||
C5H4O2 | |||
Molar mass | 96.085 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colorless oil | ||
Odor | Almond-like[1] | ||
Density | 1.1601 g/mL (20 °C)[2][3] | ||
Melting point | −37 °C (−35 °F; 236 K)[2] | ||
Boiling point | 162 °C (324 °F; 435 K)[2] | ||
83 g/L[2] | |||
Vapor pressure | 2 mmHg (20 °C)[1] | ||
−47.1×10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Hazards | |||
Flash point | 62 °C (144 °F; 335 K) | ||
Explosive limits | 2.1–19.3%[1] | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
300–500 mg/kg (oral, mice)[4] | ||
LC50 (median concentration) |
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LCLo (lowest published) |
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NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) [skin][1] | ||
REL (Recommended) |
No established REL[1] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
100 ppm[1] | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related Furan-2-carbaldehydes |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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