Gemcitabine
Chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Gemcitabine, sold under the brand name Gemzar, among others,[1] is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancers.[2] It is used to treat testicular cancer,[3] breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and bladder cancer.[2][4] It is administered by intravenous infusion.[2] It acts against neoplastic growth, and it inhibits the replication of Orthohepevirus A, the causative agent of Hepatitis E, through upregulation of interferon signaling.[5]
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Pronunciation | /dʒɛmˈsaɪtəbiːn/ |
Trade names | Gemzar, others[1] |
Other names | 2', 2'-difluoro 2'deoxycytidine, dFdC |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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Routes of administration | Intravenous |
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Protein binding | <10% |
Elimination half-life | Short infusions: 32–94 minutes Long infusions: 245–638 minutes |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.124.343 |
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Formula | C9H11F2N3O4 |
Molar mass | 263.201 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, liver and kidney problems, nausea, fever, rash, shortness of breath, mouth sores, diarrhea, neuropathy, and hair loss.[2] Use during pregnancy will likely result in fetal harm.[2] Gemcitabine is in the nucleoside analog family of medication.[2] It works by blocking the creation of new DNA, which results in cell death.[2]
Gemcitabine was patented in 1983 and was approved for medical use in 1995.[6] Generic versions were introduced in Europe in 2009 and in the US in 2010.[7][8] It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.[9]