Hu Shih
Chinese scholar, writer and philosopher (1891–1962) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Hu Shih[1][2][3][4] (Chinese: 胡適; 17 December 1891 – 24 February 1962), also known as Hu Suh in early references,[5][6] was a Chinese diplomat, essayist and fiction writer, literary scholar, philosopher, and politician. Hu contributed to Chinese liberalism and language reform and advocated for the use of written vernacular Chinese.[7] He participated in the May Fourth Movement and China's New Culture Movement. He was a president of Peking University.[8] He had a wide range of interests such as literature, philosophy, history, textual criticism, and pedagogy. He was also a redology scholar.
This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (March 2024) |
Hu Shih | |
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胡適 | |
Chinese Ambassador to the United States | |
In office 29 October 1938 – 1 September 1942 | |
Preceded by | Wang Zhengting |
Succeeded by | Wei Tao-ming |
Chancellor of Peking University | |
In office 1946–1948 | |
President of the Academia Sinica | |
In office 1957–1962 | |
Preceded by | Zhu Jiahua |
Succeeded by | Wang Shijie |
Personal details | |
Born | (1891-12-17)17 December 1891 Shanghai, Qing China |
Died | 24 February 1962(1962-02-24) (aged 70) Taipei County, Taiwan, Republic of China |
Occupation |
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Known for | Chinese liberalism and language reform |
Philosophical schools | |
Region | Chinese philosophy |
Philosophical interests | |
Influences | |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | |
Academic work | |
Institutions | |
Main interests | Chinese language and literature, redology |
Writing career | |
Language |
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Period | Modern (20th century) |
Genres | |
Subject | Liberation |
Literary movement | New Culture and May Fourth |
Years active | from 1912 |
Notable works | Preliminary Discussion of Literature Reform (文學改良芻議, 1917) |
Signature | |
Hu Shih | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 胡適 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 胡适 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hu was editor of the Free China Journal, which was shut down for criticizing Chiang Kai-shek. In 1919, he also criticized Li Dazhao. Hu advocated that the world adopt Western-style democracy. Moreover, Hu criticized Sun Yat-sen's claim that people are incapable of self-rule. Hu criticized the Nationalist government for betraying the ideal of Constitutionalism in The Outline of National Reconstruction.[9]
Hu wrote many essays attacking communism as a whole, including the political legitimacy of Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party. Specifically, Hu said that the autocratic dictatorship system of the CCP was "un-Chinese" and against history. In the 1950s, Mao and the Chinese Communist Party launched a campaign criticizing Hu Shih's thoughts.[10] Mao and Chinese historians criticized Hu Shih as ''the earliest, the most persistent and most uncompromising enemy of Chinese Marxism and socialist thought.''[11]