Leptidea reali

Leptidea reali, the Réal's wood white, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae.

Réal's wood white
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Pieridae
Genus:	Leptidea
Species:	L. reali
Binomial name
Leptidea reali Reissinger 1989[1]

Appearance, behaviour and distribution

Réal's wood white has been found in many western Europe countries but has not been found in Britain.^[2] In Ireland, where it was only positively identified in 2001, it is more common and far more widespread than the wood white (L. sinapis).^[3] Since it looks and behaves like its close relative further research is needed to discover its true distribution, indeed on the continent its current known distribution is suspiciously patchy. The only conclusive way to separate the two species is by close examination of the genitalia.

A 2011 study^[4] concludes that L. reali is one of three members of a cryptic species complex which comprises L. sinapis and a new species L. juvernica. This study was based on karyotype analysis and analysis of mitochondrial nuclear DNA markers. L. reali was found to occur only in Spain, Italy and southern France. L. juvernica ranges from Ireland and France in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. Measurements of genitalia for the three species allow separation of these two species from L. sinapis, L. juvernica and L. reali could not be separated based on genitalia measurements. L. juvernica is also named the cryptic wood white.

Field lepidopterists have reported behavioural differences between L. reali and L. sinapis with Réal's being described as a stronger flier and with a preference for more open habitats.^[5] It had also been noted that specimens from Ireland thought to L. sinapis had a noticeably stronger green tinge.^[6]

• 
  L. juvernica, in Northern Ireland.
• 
  Male specimen of L. juvernica from Ireland. The end of the abdomen has been removed to allow correct identification through the preparation of a genitalia mount.
• 
  Genitalia of a male specimen of L. juvernica from Ireland, under a microscope. The measurements shown beneath are diagnostic for the separation from L. sinapis.

Life cycle and food plants

The life cycle, flight period and food plants appear at present to be similar to the wood white.

References

1. Reissinger (E.), 1989. Checkliste Pieride Duponchel, 1835 der Westpalaearctis, Atalanta, 20, pp. 149-185
2. "Real's Wood White". Butterfly Conservation. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
3. "Réal's Wood White". National Museums Northern Ireland. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
4. Dincă, Vlad; Lukhtanov, Vladimir A.; Talavera, Gerard; Vila, Roger (30 April 2011). "Unexpected layers of cryptic diversity in wood white Leptidea butterflies". Nature Communications. 2: 324. doi:10.1038/NCOMMS1329. PMID 21610727.
5. Barkham, Patrick (2010). The Butterfly Isles. London: Granta. ISBN 978-1-84708-127-8.
6. Thomas, Jeremy (1986). Royal Society for Nature Conservation guide to butterflies of the British Isles. Sevenoaks, Kent: Newnes Books. p. 58. ISBN 0600351904.

• David Tomlinson & Rob Sill Britain's Butterflies Wild Guides
• Nelson, B., Hughes M., Nash, R. and Warren, M.S., 2001 Leptidea reali Reissinger 1989 a butterfly species new to Britain and Ireland. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 113: 97-101.
• Nash, R., Hughes, M., Nelson, B., and Warren, M., 2001 Real's Wood White Leptidea reali Reissinger, 1989 A Butterfly new to Britain and Ireland Atropos 14: 12-15.

External links

• Butterfly Conservation Ireland Summary of the sinapis cryptic species complex.