Modernism
Philosophical and art movement / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Modernism is an early 20th-century movement in literature, the visual arts and music, emphasizing experimentation, abstraction and subjective experience. Philosophy, politics and social issues are also aspects of the movement which sought to change how 'human beings in a society interact and live together'.[2] The modernist movement emerged during the late 19th century in response to significant changes in Western culture, including secularization and the growing influence of science. It is characterized as a rejection of tradition and a hunt for newer, more original means of cultural expression. Modernism was influenced by widespread technological innovation, industrialization and urbanization, as well as cultural and geopolitical shifts that occurred after World War I.[3] Artistic movements and techniques associated with modernism include abstract art, stream of consciousness in literature, cinematic montage, atonal and twelve-tone music and modernist architecture and urban planning.[4]
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The movement rejected both 19th-century realism and Romanticism's concept of absolute originality - the idea of "creation from nothingness" - with techniques of collage,[5] reprise, incorporation, rewriting, recapitulation, revision, and parody.[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][6] Modernism also took a critical stance towards Enlightenment rationalism. Another feature of this movement is reflexivity about artistic and social conventions, which led to experimentation that highlighted how works of art are made and the material from which they have been created.[7] Debate continues about the timeline of modernism, with some scholars arguing that it evolved into late modernism or high modernism.[8] Postmodernism rejects many of the principles of modernism.[9][10][11]