Spanish March
Counties in Southern border of the Frankish Kingdom / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Further information: Catalan Counties
The Spanish March or Hispanic March[1] was a military buffer zone beyond the former province of Carolingian Septimania established by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Muslim-ruled Umayyad Caliphate of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula) and the Frankish Carolingian Empire (the Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine, and Septimania).
In its broader meaning, Spanish March sometimes refers to a group of early Iberian and trans-Pyrenean lordships or counts coming under Frankish rule. As time passed, these lordships merged or gained independence from Frankish imperial rule.[2]