Tuareg people
Berber confederation of the Sahara desert / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Tuareg people (/ˈtwɑːrɛɡ/; also spelled Twareg or Touareg; endonym: Imuhaɣ/Imušaɣ/Imašeɣăn/Imajeɣăn[10]) are a large Berber ethnic group that principally inhabit the Sahara in a vast area stretching from far southwestern Libya to southern Algeria, Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso.[11] Traditionally nomadic pastoralists, small groups of Tuareg are also found in northern Nigeria.[12]
Imuhăɣ/Imašăɣăn/Imajăɣăn ⵎⵂⵗ/ⵎⵛⵗⵏ/ⵎⵊⵗⵏ | |
---|---|
Total population | |
c. 4.0 million | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Niger | 2,793,652 (11% of its total population)[1] |
Mali | 704,814 (1.7% of its total population)[2] |
Burkina Faso | 406,271 (1.9% of its total population)[3] |
Libya | 100,000–250,000 (nomadic, 1.5% of its total population)[4][5] |
Algeria | 152,000 (0.34% of its total population)[6][7] |
Mauritania | 123,000 (2.6% of its total population)[8] |
Nigeria | 30,000 (0.015% of its total population)[9] |
Languages | |
Tuareg languages (Tamahaq, Tamasheq/Tafaghist, Tamajeq, Tawellemmet), Maghrebi Arabic, French (those resident in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso), Hassaniya Arabic (Those residing in Mauritania, Mali, and Niger), English (those resident in Nigeria), Algerian Saharan Arabic (those residing in Algeria and Niger) | |
Religion | |
Sunni Islam | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Other Berbers, Arab-Berbers and Arabized Berbers, Songhay people, Hausa people |
The Tuareg speak languages of the same name, also known as Tamasheq, which belong to the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic family.[13]
They are a semi-nomadic people who practice Islam, and are descended from the indigenous Berber communities of Northern Africa, which have been described as a mosaic of local Northern African (Taforalt), Middle Eastern, European (Early European Farmers), and Sub-Saharan African-related ancestries, prior to the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb.[14][15] Tuareg people are credited with the spreading of Islam in North Africa and the adjacent Sahel region.[16]
Tuareg society has traditionally featured clan membership, social status and caste hierarchies within each political confederation.[17][18][19] The Tuareg have controlled several trans-Saharan trade routes and have been an important party to the conflicts in the Saharan region during the colonial and post-colonial era.[17] Some researchers have tied the ethnogenesis of the Tuareg with the fall of the Garamantes who inhabited the Fezzan (Libya) from the 1st millennium BC to the 5th century AD.[20][21]