Elementlerin keşif tarihleri
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Daha fazla bilgi Z, Element ...
Z | Element | İlk kullanımı | Bulunan en eski örneği |
Keşfeden(ler) | En eski örneğin yeri |
Notlar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
29 | Bakır | MÖ 9000 | MÖ 6000 | Orta Doğu | Anadolu | [1][2][3] |
82 | Kurşun | MÖ 7000 | MÖ 3800 | Anadolu | Abidos, Mısır | [4] |
79 | Altın | MÖ 6000 öncesi | MÖ 4000 öncesi | Levant | Kene Vadisi | [5] |
47 | Gümüş | MÖ 5000 öncesi | MÖ 4000 civarı | Anadolu | Anadolu | [6] |
26 | Demir | MÖ 5000 öncesi | MÖ 4000 | Orta Doğu | Mısır | [7][8][9] |
6 | Karbon | MÖ 3750 | MÖ 2500 | Antik Mısırlılar ve Sümerliler | Orta Doğu | [10][11] |
50 | Kalay | MÖ 3500 | MÖ 2000 | Anadolu | Kestel | [12][13][14] |
16 | Kükürt | MÖ 2000 öncesi | Orta Doğu | Orta Doğu | [15][16][17] | |
80 | Cıva | MÖ 1500 | MÖ 1500 | Antik Mısırlılar | Mısır | ref>"Mercury and the environment – Basic facts". Environment Canada, Federal Government of Canada. 2004. 15 Ocak 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 27 Mart 2008.</ref> |
30 | Çinko | MÖ 1000 öncesi | MÖ 1000 | Indian metallurgists | Hint yarımadası | Used as a component of brass since antiquity (before 1000 BC) by Indian metallurgists, but its true nature was not understood in ancient times. Zinc smelting was done in China and India around 1300.[18] Identified as a distinct metal in the Rasaratna Samuccaya around the 14th century of the Christian era[19] and by the alchemist Paracelsus in 1526,[20] who gave it its present name and described it as a new metal.[18] P. M. de Respour isolated it from zinc oxide in 1668;[18] the first detailed documentation of zinc isolation was given by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf in 1746.[21] |
78 | Platin | MÖ 600-MS 200 | MÖ 600-MS 200 | Güney Amerika | Güney Amerika | Used by pre-Columbian Americans near modern-day Esmeraldas, Ecuador to produce artifacts of a white gold-platinum alloy, although precise dating is difficult.[22] First European description of a metal found in South American gold was in 1557 by Julius Caesar Scaliger. Antonio de Ulloa was on an expedition to Peru in 1735, where he observed the metal; he published his findings in 1748. Sir Charles Wood also investigated the metal in 1741. First reference to it as a new metal was made by William Brownrigg in 1750.[23] |
33 | Arsenik | y. 850-950 | y. 850-950 | Câbir bin Hayyan | Orta Doğu | The use of metallic arsenic was described by the Egyptian alchemist Zosimos.[24] The purification of arsenic was later described in the works attributed to the Muslim alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (y. 850–950).[25] Albertus Magnus (y. 1200–1280) is typically credited with the description of the metal in the West,[26] though some question his work and instead credit Vannoccio Biringuccio, whose De la pirotechnia (1540) distinguishes orpiment from crystalline arsenic. The first to unquestionably have prepared metallic arsenic was Johann Schröder in 1641. Recognised as an element after Lavoisier's definition in 1787.[18] |
51 | Antimon | y. 850-950 | y. 850-950 | Jabir ibn Hayyan | Orta Doğu | Dioscorides and Pliny both describe the accidental production of metallic antimony from stibnite, but only seem to recognize the metal as lead.[27] The intentional isolation of antimony is described in the works attributed to the Muslim alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (y. 850–950).[25] In Europe, the metal was being produced and used by 1540, when it was described by Vannoccio Biringuccio.[28] Described again by Georgius Agricola De re metallica in 1556. Probably first recognised as an element by Lavoisier in 1787.[18] |
83 | Bizmut | y. 1500[29] | y. 1500 | European alchemists and Inca civilisation | Avrupa ve Güney Amerika | Bismuth was known since ancient times, but often confused with tin and lead, which are chemically similar. The Incas used bismuth (along with the usual copper and tin) in a special bronze alloy for knives.[30] Agricola (1530 and 1546) states that bismuth is a distinct metal in a family of metals including tin and lead. This was based on observation of the metals and their physical properties.[18][31] Miners in the age of alchemy also gave bismuth the name Latince: tectum argenti, or "silver being made" in the sense of silver still in the process of being formed within the Earth.[32][33][34] Beginning with Johann Heinrich Pott in 1738,[35] Carl Wilhelm Scheele, and Torbern Olof Bergman, the distinctness of lead and bismuth became clear, and Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated in 1753 that this metal is distinct from lead and tin.[33][36][37] |
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