.38-40 Winchester

The .38-40 Winchester (10.17x33mmR) is actually a .40 caliber (10 mm) cartridge shooting .401 in (10.2 mm) caliber bullets. The cartridge was introduced by Winchester in 1874 and is derived from their .44-40 Winchester. This cartridge was introduced for rifles, but in its reintroduction for cowboy action shooting it has seen some popularity as a revolver cartridge. It is not particularly well suited to hunting larger game, but it was popular when it was introduced, along with the previous .44-40 Winchester, for deer hunting. It can be used successfully on smaller game animals, and for self-defense. Current loadings are intended for revolvers.^[3]

.38-40 Winchester
.40 S&W, .38-40 Winchester .44 Special, and .45 ACP cartridges
Type	Rifle, revolver
Place of origin	United States
Production history
Designer	Winchester Repeating Arms Company
Produced	1874–1937 (original production) 1993–present (current production)[1]
Specifications
Parent case	.44-40 Winchester
Case type	Rimmed, bottleneck
Bullet diameter	.4005 in (10.17 mm)
Land diameter	.3941 in (10.01 mm)
Neck diameter	.4167 in (10.58 mm)
Shoulder diameter	.4543 in (11.54 mm)
Base diameter	.4695 in (11.93 mm)
Rim diameter	.525 in (13.3 mm)
Rim thickness	.065 in (1.7 mm)
Case length	1.305 in (33.1 mm)
Overall length	1.59 in (40 mm)
Maximum CUP	14,000[2] CUP
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy 180 gr (12 g) SP 1,160 ft/s (350 m/s) 538 ft⋅lbf (729 J)
Source(s): Cartridges of the World, 11th ed [3]

Design and history

An old .38-40 Winchester sample

It is unclear why this cartridge was introduced, as it is very similar to the .44-40 from which it was derived. It has approximately 110 ft⋅lbf (150 J) less muzzle energy, and has a muzzle velocity about 110 ft/s (34 m/s) less than the .44-40. The bullet differs by only .026 inches in bullet diameter and 20 grains (1.3 g) in standard bullet weight from the original .44-40. The goal may have been to reduce recoil while maintaining a similar bullet sectional density.^[4] One unusual design element of this cartridge is that factory ammunition was loaded with a different case profile than the standard chamber for this cartridge, factory ammunition having a much longer neck than the standard chamber. Most reloading dies are designed to size fired brass to the chamber specification rather than that of the original factory ammunition case profile.^[5]

The renewed interest in this caliber can be explained by the increasing popularity of cowboy action shooting^[5] and metallic silhouette shooting. Several single-action revolvers have recently been chambered for this cartridge, including the Ruger Vaquero. Most modern reloading data for this cartridge is found in the handgun section of reloading manuals.

Performance

Though introduced as an "all-around" cartridge, traditional sources suggest the .38–40 performs inadequately on deer.^[5] Ballistically, commercial 'cowboy' loads are similar to the much newer .40 S&W, sharing the same bullet diameter, bullet weight, and similar velocity.^[6] A limited number of hunting loads are available commercially, which produce about 25% more muzzle energy than the more common target ammunition.^[7]

Dimensions

Synonyms

• .38-40
• .38-40 WCF
• .38 CFW
• .38 WCF

See also

• 10 mm caliber
• .40 S&W
• 10mm Auto
• .41 Action Express
• List of cartridges by caliber
• Table of handgun and rifle cartridges

References

1. Association, N. R. (n.d.). The .38-40 winchester center fire: History & performance9. An Official Journal Of The NRA. Retrieved May 3, 2023, from https://www.americanrifleman.org/content/the-38-40-winchester-center-fire-history-performance/
2. Max chamber pressure - saami specs. Return to the index to LASC. (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2023, from http://www.lasc.us/SAAMIMaxPressure.htm
3. Barnes, Frank C. (2006) [1965]. Skinner, Stan (ed.). Cartridges of the World (11th ed.). Iola, WI, USA: Gun Digest Books. p. 92. ISBN 0-89689-297-2.
4. Waters, Ken (1990) [1980]. Pet Loads, volume 2 (5th ed.). Prescott, AZ, USA: Wolfe Publishing. pp. 443–447. ISBN 0-935632-33-6.
5. Jones, Allan, ed. (1998). Speer Reloading Manual (13th ed.). Lewiston, ID, USA: Blount, Inc. pp. 394–400, 542–542.
6. "Ten-X Cowboy Ammo 38-40 WCF 180 Grain Lead Round Nose Flat Point Box". MidwayUSA. Archived from the original on 7 November 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
7. Archived 2009-06-21 at the Wayback Machine, Midway 38–40 Winchester Super-X.

External links

• 38 WCF | 38-40 caliber
• Reloading .38 WCF for Rifles
• The .38-40 Winchester (.38 WCF)
• The .38-40 - The ‘Frontier Forty’ — A sixgun/levergun natural
• Cartridge Hall of Fame - 38-40 Winchester - MidwayUSA on YouTube
• current 2019 Feb approved saami cartridge specifications #4, CENTER FIRE RIFLE, 2015/12/14 PDF, page 136 (148)