Events from the year 1872 in France.
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- 16 January - Henri Büsser, composer and conductor (died 1973)
- 18 January - Prince Emmanuel, Duke of Vendôme, noble from the House of Orléans (died 1931)
- 24 February - Gustave Sandras, artistic gymnast (died 1951)
- 26 March - Émile Armand, individualist anarchist (died 1962)
- 7 June - Rodolphe d'Erlanger, painter and musicologist (died 1932)
- 1 July - Louis Blériot, inventor, engineer and aviation pioneer (died 1936)
- 2 July - Gaëtan Gatian de Clérambault, psychiatrist (died 1934)
- 15 July - Jean Dargassies, racing cyclist (died 1965)
- 28 July - Albert Sarraut, politician, twice Prime Minister of France (died 1962)
- 22 September - Octave Denis Victor Guillonnet, painter (died 1967)
- 17 October – Madeleine Rolland, translator and peace activist (died 1960)
- 30 November - Maurice de la Taille, priest and writer (died 1933)
- 12 December - Daniel Halévy, historian (died 1962)
July to December
- 5 July - Charles-Pierre Denonvilliers, surgeon (born 1808)
- 4 October - Jean-Jacques Bourassé, priest, archaeologist and historian (born 1813)
- 21 October - Jacques Babinet, physicist, mathematician and astronomer (born 1794)
- 23 October - Théophile Gautier, poet, novelist, journalist, dramatist and literary critic (born 1811)
- 29 October - Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant, chess master (born 1800)
- 6 December - Félix Archimède Pouchet, naturalist (born 1800)
- 10 December - Étienne Arnal, actor (born 1794)
- December - Jean-Baptiste Honoré Raymond Capefigue, historian and biographer (born 1801)
Olson, Donald W. (2014). "Dating Impression, Sunrise". Monet's Impression, Sunrise: the biography of a painting. Paris: Éditions Hazan; Musée Marmottan Monet. pp. 80–105. ISBN 978-0-300-21088-0.