The following lists events that happened during 1986 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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February
May
November
- 6 November – Koristovka train collision, 44 are dead and about 100 are injured.[6]
- 14 November – The Molodezhny department store in Moscow is robbed, 3 cash-in-transit workers are killed.
- 19 November – The law "On Individual Labor Activity" is adopted,[1] approving the use of private enterprises to manufacture some consumer goods.
- 19 November – The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union issues an Appeal to Parliaments and People of the World about global nuclear disarmament.
- January 11 – Ilya Averbakh, Soviet film director (b. 1934)
- January 30 – Ivan Papanin, Soviet Polar explorer and twice Hero of the Soviet Union (b. 1894)
- February 4 – Jānis Kalnbērziņš, 1st First Secretary of the Communist Party of Latvia (b. 1893)
- March 23
- April 7 – Leonid Kantorovich, economist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912)
- April 12 – Valentin Kataev, Soviet writer (b. 1897)
- April 20 – Aleksei Arbuzov, playwright (b. 1908)
- April 26– Valery Khodemchuk, Soviet engineer, working at Chernobyl reactor 4 (b. 1951)
- May 6 – Sergei Simonov, Soviet weapons designer (b. 1894)
- May 11
- May 13 – Vasily Ignatenko, Soviet firefighter who responded to the Chernobyl disaster (b. 1961)
- May 26 – Vitaly Abalakov, Soviet alpinist (b. 1906)
- July 7 – Ivan Zhevago, Soviet theater and film actor (b. 1912)
- August 22 – Vali Akhundov, 11th First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party (b. 1916)
- August 23 – Mikhail Kuznetsov, Soviet actor (b. 1918)
- September 25 – Nikolay Semyonov, Russian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1896)
- November 8– Vyacheslav Molotov, Soviet politician and diplomat (b. 1890)
- December 8 – Anatoly Marchenko, Soviet dissident and author (b. 1938)
- December 15 – Serge Lifar, Soviet dancer and choreographer (b. 1905)
- December 29 – Andrei Tarkovsky, Russian filmmaker, writer, and film theorist (b. 1932)