In 2012 Mikhail Zhurbenko proposed the genus Epinephroma to contain E.kamchatica;[5] later analysis showed it to be the anamorph of an Abrothallus species,[6] and now Epinephroma is placed in synonymy with Abrothallus. Other synonyms are Abrothallomyces, Phymatopsis, and Pseudo-lecidea.[1]
There are several morphological characteristics help define the genus Abrothallus. These include: spherical (or nearly so) ascomata without a margin or well-defined edge that are sometimes dusted with golden or green pruina; bitunicate asci (i.e., with two functional ascal wall layers) that have four to eight ascospores; brown, 2- to 4-celled, warted asymmetric ascospores; paraphyses that are ramified-anastomosed; and the presence of an epihymenium (the uppermost layer of the hymenium) with granulose pigments that often dissolve in potassium hydroxide.[7]
Abrothallus acetabuliDiederich (1990)[8] – parasitic on Parmelia acetabulum; from Europe
Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; Suija, Ave; Crespo, Ana; de los Ríos, Asunción (2013). "Lichenicolous fungi of the genus Abrothallus (Dothideomycetes: Abrothallales ordo nov.) are sister to the predominantly aquatic Janhulales". Fungal Diversity. 64 (1): 295–304. doi:10.1007/s13225-013-0269-y.
Suija, Ave; De los Ríos, Asunción; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio (2015). "A molecular reappraisal of Abrothallus species growing on lichens of the order Peltigerales". Phytotaxa. 195 (3): 201–226. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.195.3.1.
Hafellner, J. (1994). "Beiträge zu einem Prodromus der lichenicolen Pilze Österreichs und angrenzender Gebiete. I. Einige neue oder seltene Arten". Herzogia (in German). 10: 1–28.
Kotte, I. (1909). "Einige neue Fälle von Nebensymbiose (Parasymbiose)". Centralblatt für Bakteriologie und Parasitenkunde. 2. Abth. (in German). 24: 74–93.
Lindsay, W.L. (1867). "Observations on new lichens and fungi collected in Otago, New Zealand". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 24: 407–456.
Wedin, Mats (1994). "New and noteworthy lichenicolous fungi from southernmost South America". The Lichenologist. 26 (3): 301–310. doi:10.1006/lich.1994.1022.
Suija, Ave; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; Hawksworth, David L. (2010). "Abrothallus halei (Ascomycota, incertae sedis), a new lichenicolous fungus on Lobaria species in Europe and North America". The Lichenologist. 43 (1): 51–55. doi:10.1017/S002428291000054X.
Tulasne, L.-R. (1852). "Mémoire pour servir à l'histoire organographique et physiologique des Lichens". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique. 3 (in French). 17: 5–128.
Diederich, Paul (2011). "Description of Abrothallus parmotrematis sp. nov. (lichenicolous Ascomycota)". Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois (in French). 112: 25–34.
Brackel, W.V.; Puntillo, D. (2016). "New records of lichenicolous fungi from Calabria (southern Italy), including a first checklist". Herzogia. 29 (2/1): 277–306.
Diederich, P.; Lücking, R.; Aptroot, A.; Sipman, H.J.M.; Braun, U.; Ahti, T.; Ertz, D. (2017). "New species and new records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Seychelles". Herzogia. 30 (1): 182–236.
Etayo, Javier (2002). Aportación al conocimiento de los hongos liquenícolas de Colombia. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol.84. Berlin; Stuttgart: J. Cramer. p.19. ISBN978-3-443-58063-6.
Hafellner, J.; Herzog, G.; Mayrhofer, H. (2008). "Zur Diversität von lichenisierten und lichenicolen Pilzen in den Ennstaler Alpen (Österreich: Steiermark, Oberösterreich)". Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark (in German). 137: 131–204.
Montagne, J.P.F.C. (1851). "Cryptogamia Guyanensis seu plantarum cellularium in Guyana gallica annis 1835–1849 a cl. Leprieur collectarum enumeratio universalis". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (in Latin). 16: 47–81.
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