Salbutamol
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Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others,[1] is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs.[8] It is a short-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonist that causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle.[8] It is used to treat asthma, including asthma attacks and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[8] It may also be used to treat high blood potassium levels.[9] Salbutamol is usually used with an inhaler or nebulizer, but it is also available in a pill, liquid, and intravenous solution.[8][10] Onset of action of the inhaled version is typically within 15 minutes and lasts for two to six hours.[8]
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Trade names | Ventolin, Proventil, ProAir, others[1] |
Other names | Albuterol (USAN US) |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a607004 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, Inhalational, Intravenous |
Drug class | Beta2-adrenergic agonist |
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Metabolism | Liver |
Onset of action | <15 min (inhaled), <30 min (pill)[8] |
Elimination half-life | 3.8–6 hrs (inhaled); 5–7.2 hrs (pill)[8] |
Duration of action | 3–6 hrs (inhaled); up to 8 hrs (pill)[8] |
Excretion | Kidney |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.038.552 |
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Formula | C13H21NO3 |
Molar mass | 239.315 g·mol−1 |
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Chirality | Racemic mixture |
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Common side effects include shakiness, headache, fast heart rate, dizziness, and feeling anxious.[8] Serious side effects may include worsening bronchospasm, irregular heartbeat, and low blood potassium levels.[8] It can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but safety is not entirely clear.[8][11]
Salbutamol was patented in 1966 in Britain and became commercially available in the UK in 1969.[12][13] It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982.[8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[14] Salbutamol is available as a generic medication.[8] In 2021, it was the seventh most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 61 million prescriptions.[15][16]