BL 12-pounder 6 cwt gun
Light field gun From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Light field gun From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Ordnance BL 12-pounder 6 cwt[note 1] was a lighter version of the British 12-pounder 7 cwt gun, used by the Royal Horse Artillery in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
| Ordnance BL 12-pounder 6 cwt | |
|---|---|
On the parade ground, probably at St John's Wood Barracks, c. 1897 | |
| Type | Light field gun |
| Place of origin | United Kingdom |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1894–1916 |
| Used by | British Empire |
| Wars | Second Boer War World War I |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | Mk IV : 656 pounds (298 kg) (barrel & breech), 2,008 pounds (911 kg) (total)[1] |
| Barrel length | Mk I : Bore 59 inches (1,499 mm);[2] Mk IV : Bore 66 inches (1,676 mm), total 71.05 inches (1,805 mm)[1] |
| Shell | Separate loading BL, 12.5 pounds (5.67 kg) Shrapnel |
| Calibre | 3-inch (76.2 mm) |
| Elevation | −8° − 16°[1] |
| Traverse | nil |
| Rate of fire | 7-8 rounds/minute[3] |
| Muzzle velocity | 1,585 feet per second (483 m/s)[1] |
| Maximum firing range | 3700 yds (No. 56 Fuze, Time setting) 5800 yds (No. 57 Fuze, Time setting) 5400 yds (No. 56 Fuze, Percussion setting)[3] |
Problems arose when the standard BL 12-pounder 7 cwt gun was used in the great Indian cavalry manoeuvres of 1891. The carriage was found to be too complicated, and dust caused the metal surfaces of the axle traversing device to seize.[4] It also proved too heavy for horse artillery, which was intended to support cavalry in battle, to manoeuvre.
The 12-pounder 6 cwt gun was therefore developed in 1892, when the new more powerful cordite replaced gunpowder, as a lighter version of the BL 12-pounder 7 cwt gun. It had a barrel 18 inches (460 mm) shorter, on a lighter and simpler carriage, and it entered service in 1894. In 1899 a primitive recoil-absorbing system was added. The weapon was made obsolete in British service by the acquisition of the modern quick-firing Ehrhardt QF 15-pounder in 1901, and was replaced by that and later by the QF 13-pounder from 1905.
The early No. 56 Fuze burned too fast, a maximum of only 13 seconds, and hence could only be time set for a maximum range of 3,700 yd (3,400 m). The No. 57 "Blue" Fuze was introduced during the Boer war. It had a slower burning powder train and hence could be time set for ranges up to 5,800 yd (5,300 m). A maximum range of 6,000 yd (5,500 m) was quoted in use in the First World War.[5]
The gun was used by the Royal Horse Artillery, and together with the BL 15-pounder, it provided the main British firepower. Eighteen guns were also used by the Royal Canadian Artillery in this war.[6] A total of 78 guns fired 36,161 shells.[7]
A battery of 6 guns served in the East African Campaign as the 8th Field Battery. It arrived with the Calcutta Artillery Volunteers in October 1914, and the guns were towed by teams of oxen.[8]
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