Bitcoin
Decentralized digital currency / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Bitcoin (abbreviation: BTC[lower-alpha 1] or XBT;[lower-alpha 2] sign: ₿) is a decentralized digital currency. Bitcoin transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. The cryptocurrency was invented in 2008 by an unknown entity under the name Satoshi Nakamoto.[9] The currency began use in 2009,[10] when its implementation was released as open-source software.[7]: ch. 1 The word "bitcoin" was defined in a white paper published on October 31, 2008.[3][11] It is a compound of the words bit and coin.[12]
Official logo of Bitcoin | |
| Denominations | |
|---|---|
| Plural | Bitcoins |
| Symbol | ₿ (Unicode: U+20BF ₿ BITCOIN SIGN)[lower-alpha 1] |
| Code | BTC,[lower-alpha 2] XBT[lower-alpha 3] |
| Precision | 10−8 |
| Subunits | |
| 1⁄1000 | Millibitcoin |
| 1⁄1000000 | Microbitcoin |
| 1⁄100000000 | Satoshi[2] |
| Development | |
| Original author(s) | Satoshi Nakamoto |
| White paper | "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System"[3] |
| Implementation(s) | Bitcoin Core |
| Initial release | 0.1.0 / 9 January 2009 (14 years ago) (2009-01-09) |
| Latest release | 25.0 / 26 May 2023 (4 months ago) (2023-05-26)[4] |
| Code repository | github |
| Development status | Active |
| Source model | Free and open-source software |
| License | MIT License |
| Ledger | |
| Ledger start | 3 January 2009 (14 years ago) (2009-01-03) |
| Timestamping scheme | Proof-of-work (partial hash inversion) |
| Hash function | SHA-256 (two rounds) |
| Issuance schedule | Decentralized (block reward) Initially ₿50 per block, halved every 210,000 blocks[5] |
| Block reward | ₿6.25[lower-alpha 4] |
| Block time | 10 minutes |
| Circulating supply | ₿18,925,000[lower-alpha 5] |
| Supply limit | ₿21,000,000[6][lower-alpha 6] |
| Valuation | |
| Exchange rate | Floating |
| Demographics | |
| Official user(s) | El Salvador[8] |
| Website | |
| Website | bitcoin |
| |
The Library of Congress reports that, as of November 2021, nine countries have fully banned bitcoin use, and a further forty-two have implicitly banned it.[13] In contrast, a few governments have used bitcoin in some capacity. For example, El Salvador has adopted Bitcoin as legal tender, although use by merchants remains low.[14] Ukraine has accepted cryptocurrency donations to fund the resistance to the 2022 Russian invasion, and Iran has used bitcoin to bypass political sanctions.
Bitcoin has been described as an economic bubble by at least eight recipients of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.[15][failed verification]
The environmental effects of bitcoin are substantial.[16] Its proof-of-work algorithm for bitcoin mining is designed to be computationally difficult, which requires the consumption of increasing quantities of electricity, the generation of which has contributed to climate change.[17][18] According to the University of Cambridge, bitcoin has emitted an estimated 200 million tonnes of carbon dioxide since its launch,[19] or about 0.04% of all carbon dioxide released since 2009.[20]