C Sharp (programming language)
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C# (pronounced C sharp)[lower-alpha 2] is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms. C# encompasses static typing,[16]: 4 strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic,[16]: 22 object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.[17]
| |
| Paradigm | Multi-paradigm: structured, imperative, object-oriented, event-driven, task-driven, functional, generic, reflective, concurrent |
|---|---|
| Family | C |
| Designed by | Anders Hejlsberg (Microsoft) |
| Developer | Mads Torgersen (Microsoft) |
| First appeared | 2000; 23 years ago (2000)[1] |
| Stable release | |
| Typing discipline | Static, dynamic,[3] strong, safe, nominative, partially inferred |
| Platform | Common Language Infrastructure |
| License | |
| Filename extensions | .cs, .csx |
| Website | learn |
| Major implementations | |
| Visual C#, .NET, .NET Framework (discontinued), Mono, DotGNU (discontinued), Universal Windows Platform | |
| Dialects | |
| Cω, Polyphonic C#, Enhanced C# | |
| Influenced by | |
| C++,[6] Cω, Eiffel, F#,[lower-alpha 1] Haskell, Scala, Icon, J#, J++, Java,[6] ML, Modula-3, Object Pascal,[7] VB | |
| Influenced | |
| Chapel,[8] Clojure,[9] Crystal,[10] D, J#, Dart,[11] F#, Hack, Java,[12][13] Kotlin, Nemerle, Oxygene, Rust,[14] Swift,[15] Vala, TypeScript | |
| |
The C# programming language was designed by Anders Hejlsberg from Microsoft in 2000 and was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23270) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with .NET Framework and Visual Studio, both of which were closed-source. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in 2004, a free and open-source project called Mono began, providing a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment for the C# programming language. A decade later, Microsoft released Visual Studio Code (code editor), Roslyn (compiler), and the unified .NET platform (software framework), all of which support C# and are free, open-source, and cross-platform. Mono also joined Microsoft but was not merged into .NET.
As of November 2022,[update] the most recent stable version of the language is C# 11.0, which was released in 2022 in .NET 7.0.[18][19]